On 19th February 2016 exactly 100 years passed since the death of Ernst Mach, the great physicist and philosopher of the 19th and 20th centuries, a native of Brno-Chrlice. On the occasion of this anniversary, Masaryk University and other institutions organised Ernst Mach Brno-Days 2016 with the conference "Ernst Mach: Physics - Philosophy - Technics" and other events. The presented brief report informs about these events. and Jana Musilová.
This paper focuses on Ernst Mach's contributions to teaching on the one side and technology-oriented research on the other side. The first part sums up Mach's views concerning the role of natural sciences and humanities within the curriculum and, in particular, culture in general. The second part deals with Mach's contribution to applied sciences and technology, mentioning some of his most original inventions in that field., Emilie Těšínská, Ivan Landa, Jiří Drahoš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We first recall the main features of Mach's radical attitude to the "philosophy of science", illustrated best by his criticism of absolute space and time, and discuss the impact of Mach's ideas on the birth of special and general relativity. The experiment to demonstrate "Machian effects" of dragging of inertial frames by a rotating body (carried out by four gyroscopes placed in an orbit around the Earth) was conceived in 1959 but only in 2014 was the satellite launched. The last results from the experiment were finally summarised at the end of 2015: they confirm the dragging as predicted by general relativity with an accuracy of 19 %. We show that a rotating black hole can even drag magnetic field lines and indicate possible astrophysical meaning of processes of this type. in the concluding parts, our investigation of dragging effects by gravitational waves and the study of Mach's principle in the context of cosmology, obtained in collaboration with Donald Lynden-Bell (Cambridge) and Joseph Katz (Jerusalem), are briefly reviewed., Jiří Bičák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Dne 7. července 2002 předala paní předsedkyně AV ČR doc. RNDr. Helena Illnerová, DrSc. čestnou oborovou medaili Ernsta Macha za zásluhy ve fyzikálních vědách prof. O. K. Andersenovi z Ústava Maxe Plancka pro výzkum pevných látek ve Stuttgartu. Slavnostní předání se uskutečnilo na zámku Dětenice v rámci 6. pražského kolokvia o systémech s f-elektrony za účasti asi 120 vědeckých pracovníků z celého světa. Uveřejňujeme zde zkrácenou verzi Laudatia předeseného autorem článku a proslovu prof. Andersena při převzetí této medaile. and Mojmír Šob.
Ernst Mach was already an internationally recognised experimental physicist, when he, after professorships for Mathematics and Physics in Graz and Experimental Physics in Prague, took over the chair for "Philosophy, particularly for the History and Theory of the Inductive Sciences", at the University of Vienna in 1895. This turn from natural sciences to philosophy was really an exception in the academic field. Although he was not a specialist in philosophy his ideas exhibited a remarkable influence. Here is the first part of the author's text, the second, closing part (Mach and Philosophy) will be published in the next issue of this Journal., Friedrich Stadler ; z angličtiny a němčiny přeložil M. Černohorský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Friedrich Stadler ; z němčiny přeložil M. Černohorský., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and První část tohoto článku vyšla v předchozím 3. čísle tohoto časopisu.