Mnoho vědeckých jmen ptáků je odvozeno od antických mýtických jmen. Důvodem je mimo jiné to, že bohové za trest nebo z dalších příčin proměňovali mýtické postavy v ptáky. Příklady uvádí druhý díl seriálu., Many scientific names of birds are derived from ancient Greek and Roman mythical names. One of the reasons is that gods used to turn mythical characters into birds as a punishment or for other causes. The examples are given in the second part of the series., and Tomáš Pavlík.
A new species, Castosyringophilus meropis sp. n., found in quills of feathers of the European bee-eater Merops apiaster Linnaeus (Coraciiformes: Meropidae) is described. This new species is close to C. claravis Skoracki et Glowska, 2008 and differs, in females, by the presence apunctate coxal fields (vs sparsely punctate in C. claravis) and by the lengths of setae d1 145-180 µm, f2 170-185 µm and ag3 190-215 µm (vs d1 200-220 µm, f2 230-250 µm and ag3 150-170 µm). We present a vast mite material collected from bee-eaters originated from different localities in Europe, Asia and Africa, both breeding and wintering grounds of this bird. It indicates that the whole world population of the European bee-eater is parasitised by this quill mite species., Maciej Skoracki, Martin Hromada, Bozena Sikora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Od poloviny 70. let 20. stol. se již počtvrté obracíme prostřednictvím časopisu Živa na seriózní pozorovatele přírody s žádostí o pomoc při mapování hnízdního rozšíření ptáků v ČR. Výsledkem předcházejících tří mapování byly publikované Atlasy hnízdního rozšíření ptáků v ČR v letech 1973-77, 1985-89 a 2001-03. Současné mapování avifauny probíhá v ČR v letech 2014-17 a výsledkem bude nový atlas, který přinese další konfrontaci s daty získanými stejně exaktním způsobem jako v předcházejících třech obdobích. V prvním roce mapování se zapojilo 271 spolupracovníků, kteří obsadili 61 % mapovacích kvadrátů na území ČR. K prvním zajímavým výsledkům patří zaznamenání 8 případů průkazného zahnízdění nepůvodního invazního druhu - husice nilské (Alopochen aegyptiaca)., The current breeding mapping in 2014-17 is the fourth mapping organized in the Czech Republic since the 1970s. Results of previous mapping attempts are summarized in three Atlases of breeding birds. This article is a call for the cooperation of Živa readers. It also presents pilot results from the first year (2014) of field work, based on records from 271 contributors who covered 61 % of the whole territory of the Czech Republic. One of the interesting results is the map of breeding distribution of the invasive Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), with 8 confirmed breedings., and Karel Šťastný, Vladimír Bejček.
The Costanera Sur ecological reserve in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was established in 1986 on the banks of the Rio de la Plata on excavated substrata landfill, where free space was left for plant and animal communities to take over. The 350 ha of the reserve include such biotopes as wetlands, pampas and small areas of woodland, providing a valuable site for the city's inhabitants to meet various species of animals in close proximity to the historical city centre, e.g. 270 bird species have been recorded there., Andrej Funk, Kateřina Funková., Ekologická rezervace Costanera Sur v Buenos Aires v Argentině vznikla v roce 1986 na břehu Río de La Plata na skládce vytěženého substrátu, kde byl ponechán volný prostor k sukcesi společenstev rostlin a živočichů. Na ploše 350 ha rezervace zahrnuje biotopy mokřadů, pampy a malých úseků lesa a představuje cennou lokalitu pro rekreaci obyvatel města i pro poznávání různých druhů zvířat v těsné blízkosti historického centra města. Zatím zde byl doložen výskyt např. 270 druhů ptáků., and cze
The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tick-borne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth's reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5 %), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions., Igor G. Korobitsyn, Nina S. Moskvitina, Oleg Yu. Tyutenkov, Sergey I. Gashkov, Yulia V. Kononova, Sergey S. Moskvitin, Vladimir N. Romanenko, Tamara P. Mikryukova, Elena V. Protopopova, Mikhail Yu. Kartashov, Eugene V. Chausov, Svetlana N. Konovalova, Natalia L. Tupota, Alexandra O. Sementsova, Vladimir A. Ternovoi, Valery B. Loktev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ernst Schäfer (1910-1992) byl německý zoolog, sběratel přírodnin a cestovatel známý zejména díky třem průkopnickým výpravám do Tibetu, území, kam se přírodovědci prakticky nedostali až do druhé poloviny 20. století. Třetí expedice z let 1938-39 je poněkud kontroverzní, neboť se stala součástí nacistické propagandy a její cíle nebyly čistě jen vědecké., Ernst Schäfer (1910–92) was a German zoologist, collector and explorer who is primarily known for his three pioneering expeditions to Tibet, which was virtually closed to science well into the second half of the 20th century. The third expedition, in 1938–39, was rather controversial as it became a part of Nazi propaganda and its goals were not purely scientific., and Jan Robovský, Jiří Hrubý.
Analogickým studiím z Tichomoří a Mexika se podařilo experimentálně prokázat, že i lesní plži čeledi Clausiliidae - Cochlodina laminata a Alinda biplicata s rozměry těla cca 20 mm mohou projít živí zažívacím traktem středně velkých ptáků. Zajímavým poznatkem je, že ačkoli přežila pouze 2 % všech plžů, tak pokud nedošlo k poškození jejich schránky, přežilo plných 62 % jedinců nalezených v trusu., Analogously to the studies of the Pacific area and Mexico, we were able to prove experimentally that the forest snails from family Clausiliidae - Cochlodina laminata and Alinda biplicata with a body size of approximately 20 mm can pass through the digestive tract of a medium-sized bird. There is an interesting finding that although only 2% of gastropods survived at all, 62% of those with intact (undamaged) shells survived., and Jasna Simonová.
Betasyringophiloidus Skoracki, 2011 is a genus of quill mites (Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) that is believed to contain mono-, steno- and polyxenous parasites associated with a wide range of passerine birds (Passeriformes) across the world. In this work we applied the DNA-barcode marker (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragment, COI) to verify whether Betasyringophiloidus schoeniclus (Skoracki, 2002) and Betasyringophiloidus seiuri (Clark, 1964) are actual steno- and polyxenous species associated with the currently recognised host ranges, or their populations are highly host-specific, cryptic species. Our results revealed that a population living on the Tristram's bunting Emberiza tristrami Swinhoe (Emberizidae) in Russia, so far classified as B. schoeniclus, is a new cryptic species Betasyringophiloidus emberizae sp. nov. Both topologies of the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees as well as genetic distance (11.9% Kimura 2-parameter distance) (K2P) support species status of the mite population from E. tristrami. The same data support previously established conspecific status of B. seiuri found on the ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus) (Parulidae) (type host) and the northern waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis (Gmelin) (Parulidae) and expand its range with a population found on a new host species Icterus pustulatus (Wagler) (Icteridae) with intraspecific K2P distance up to 1.9% and interpopulation distances ranging from 1.3 to 3.1%., Eliza Glowska, Lukasz Broda, Miroslawa Dabert., and Obsahuje bibliografii