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1282. Nezneužívejme broukoviště proti broukům!

Creator:
Boukal, Milan, Lukáš Čížek, Ondřej Konvička, Dedek, Pavel, Jiří Řehounek, and Martin Škorpík
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, biologie, brouci, stromy, kácení dřevin, mrtvé dřevo, ochrana živočichů, deklarace, beetles, biology, trees, tree felling, dead wood, animal conservation, declarations, Česko, Czechia, broukoviště, loggery, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Milan Boukal, Lukáš Čížek, Ondřej Konvička, Pavel Dedek, Jiří Řehounek, Martin Škorpík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1283. Nezvaní mravenčí hosté: od domácích druhů k invazím z tropů

Creator:
Petr Klimeš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, mravencovití, invaze živočichů, ants, animal invasion, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Although most ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) play different positive roles in nature, some species take advantage of human activities and spread to new regions, where they become significant pests. Moreover, some exotic species from the tropics can survive indoors all year round in the temperate zone. This article reviews the current native and exotic indoor and fauna present in the Czech Republic. Due to global warming the probability is increasing that some of these exotic species will also be able to spread into natural habitats. and Petr Klimeš.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1284. Niche partitioning in tenebrionid species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) inhabiting Mediterranean coastal dunes

Creator:
Fattorini, Simone, Bergamaschi, Davide, Mantoni, Cristina, Acosta, Alicia T. R., and Di Giulio, Andrea
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, potemníkovití, duny, beetles, Tenebrionidae, dunes, Coleoptera, geometric series, Mediterranean, niche overlap, niche preemption, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
We analyzed the abundance, distribution and niche overlap of species (Pianka's Ojk index) in tenebrionid beetle communities inhabiting different biotopes in Tyrrhenian and Adriatic sand dunes. The rank abundance distribution of the different species has the form of a geometric series in both communities as predicted by the niche preemption hypothesis for communities in harsh environments. Mean niche overlap values did not deviate significantly from null expectations, which indicates random interspecific interactions. These results, coupled with evidence of species habitat preferences, led us to conclude that the community organization of tenebrionid species inhabiting coastal dunes is determined more by habitat preferences than interspecific competition., Simone Fattorini, Davide Bergamaschi, Cristina Mantoni, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Andrea Di Giulio., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1287. Nitrogen enhanced photosynthesis of Miscanthus by increasing stomatal conductance and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase concentration

Creator:
Feng, X.-P., Chen, Y., Qi, Y.-H., Yu, C.-L., Zheng, B.-S., Brancourt-Hulmel, M., and Jiang, D.-A.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, bundle sheath leakiness of CO2, leaf mass per unit area, nitrogen-use efficiency, Rubisco, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Miscanthus is one of the most promising bioenergy crops with high photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE). It is unclear how nitrogen (N) influences the photosynthesis in Miscanthus. Among three Miscanthus genotypes, the net photosynthetic rate (PN) under the different light intensity and CO2 concentration was measured at three levels of N: 0, 100, and 200 kg ha-1. The concentrations of chlorophyll, soluble protein, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit, leaf anatomy and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in the leaf were analyzed to probe the response of photosynthesis in Miscanthus genotypes to N levels. PN in all genotypes rose significantly as N application increased. The initial slope of response curves of PN to Ci was promoted by N application in all genotypes. Both stomatal conductance and Ci were increased with increased N supply, indicating that stomatal factors played an important role in increasing PN. At a given Ci, PN in all genotypes was enhanced by N, implying that nonstomatal factors might also play an important role in increasing PN. Miscanthus markedly regulated N investment into PEPC rather than the Rubisco large subunit under higher N conditions. Bundle sheath leakiness of CO2 was constant at about 0.35 for all N levels. Therefore, N enhanced the photosynthesis of Miscanthus mainly by increasing stomatal conductance and PEPC concentration., X.-P. Feng ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1288. No association between current depression and latent toxoplasmosis in adults

Creator:
Gale, Shawn D, Berrett, Andrew N, Brown, Bruce, Erickson, Lance D, and Hedges, Dawson W
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitologie, parasitology, Toxoplasma gondii, major depressive disorder, NHANES, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Changes in behaviour and cognition have been associated with latent infection from the apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) in both animal and human studies. Further, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia have also been associated with latent toxoplasmosis. Previously, we found no association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) seropositivity and depression in human adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years (n = 1 846) in a sample representative of the United States collected by the Centers for Disease Control as part of a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from three datasets collected between 1999-2004. In the present study, we used NHANES data collected between 2009 and 2012 that included subjects aged 20 to 80 years (n = 5 487) and used the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression with the overall aim of testing the stability of the results of the prior study. In the current study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was 13%. The percentage of subjects reporting clinical levels of depression assessed with the PHQ-9 was 8%. As before, we found no association between T. gondii IgG seroprevalence and depression (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81-1.25; p = 0.944) while controlling for sex, educational attainment, race-ethnicity, age, poverty-to-income ratio and cigarette smoking. We also found no positive associations between anti-T. gondii antibody titre and depression (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.96-1.06; p = 0.868). Moreover, we found no association between T. gondii seroprevalence or antibody titre and suicidal ideation (seroprevalence: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = .85-1.75; p = 0.277, titre: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.98-1.14; p = 0.177)., Defining depression to also include subjects currently taking antidepressant medication even with non-elevated questionnaires did not find evidence of a positive association between latent toxoplasmosis and depression. In the present study, neither T. gondii seroprevalence nor anti-T. gondii antibody titre was positively associated with depression or suicidal ideation among subjects aged 20 to 80 years., Shawn D. Gale, Andrew N. Berrett, Bruce Brown, Lance D. Erickson, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1289. No association between latent toxoplasmosis and multiple body measures in U.S. adults

Creator:
Berrett, Andrew N, Gale, Shawn D, Erickson, Lance D, Brown, Bruce L, and Hedges, Dawson W
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
testosteron, testosterone, Toxoplasma gondii, height, BMI, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an intracellular parasite that can cause ongoing latent infection persisting for the duration of a non-definitive host's life. Affecting approximately one-third of the world's population, latent toxoplasmosis has been associated with neuropsychological outcomes and a previous report suggested an association between latent toxoplasmosis and adult height. Given the large number of people with latent toxoplasmosis and its potential associations with human height, we sought to better understand the association between latent toxoplasmosis and human morphology by evaluating seropositivity for T. gondii and multiple body measures reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) and in the more recent continuous NHANES data sets from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for which data on T. gondii are available. In these analyses, latent toxoplasmosis was not associated with any of the body measures assessed in the NHANES datasets even after taking into account interactions between latent toxoplasmosis and testosterone suggesting that in these samples, latent toxoplasmosis is not associated with adult morphology including height., Andrew N. Berrett, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Bruce L. Brown, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1290. Northern geometrid forest pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatch at lower temperatures than their southern conspecifics: Implications of climate change

Creator:
Fält-Nardmann, Julia, Klemola, Tero, Roth, Mechthild, Ruohomäki, Kai, and Saikkonen, Kari
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, píďalkovití, klimatické změny, líhnutí, fenologie, butterflies, Geometridae, climate changes, hatching, phenology, Evropa severní, Europe, Northern, Lepidoptera, Epirrita autumnata, Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera brumata, photoperiod, synchrony, temperature sum, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Climate change may facilitate shifts in the ranges and the spread of insect pests, but a warming climate may also affect herbivorous insects adversely if it disrupts the locally adapted synchrony between the phenology of insects and that of their host plant. The ability of a pest species to colonize new areas depends on its ability to adjust the timing of phenological events in its life cycle, particularly at high latitudes where there is marked seasonality in temperature and day length. Here we incubated eggs of three species of geometrid moth, Epirrita autumnata, Operophtera brumata and Erannis defoliaria from different geographical populations (E. autumnata and O. brumata from Northern Finland, E. autumnata and E. defoliaria from Southern Finland and all three species from Germany) in a climate chamber at a constant temperature to determine the relative importance of geographic origin in the timing of egg hatch measured in terms of cumulative temperature sums (degree days above 5°C, DD5); i.e. the relative importance of local adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity in the timing of egg hatch. In all three species, eggs from northern populations required a significantly lower temperature sum for hatching than eggs from southern populations, but the differences between them in temperature sum requirements varied considerably among species, with the differences being largest for the earliest hatching and northernmost species, E. autumnata, and smallest for the southern, late-hatching E. defoliaria. In addition, the difference in hatch timing between the E. autumnata eggs from Southern Finland and Germany was many times greater than the difference between the two Finnish populations of E. autumnata, despite the fact that the geographical distances between these populations is similar. We discuss how these differences in hatching time may be explained by the differences in hatch-budburst synchrony and its importance for different moth species and populations. We also briefly reflect on the significance of photoperiod, which is not affected by climate change. It is a controller that works parallel or in addition to temperature sum both for egg hatch in moths and bud burst of their host plants., Julia Fält-Nardmann, Tero Klemola, Mechthild Roth, Kai Ruohomäki, Kari Saikkonen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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