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772. Heliconema anguillae Yamaguti, 1935, a physalopterid nematode found in Japanese eels: taxonomic resurrection with a note on the third-stage larva from intertidal crabs in western Japan

Creator:
Katahira, Hirotaka and Nagasawa, Kazuya
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hlístice, parazitické organismy, morfologie (biologie), Nematodes, parasitic organisms, morphology (biology), parasitic nematode, taxonomy, intermediate hosts, littoral crabs, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A parasitic nematode from the stomach of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel in western Japan, previously identified as Heliconema longissimum (Ortlepp, 1922), was morphologically re-examined and compared with the previous descriptions. In addition, the third-stage larva of this nematode is described, based on the specimens of encapsuled larvae found in musculature of two crabs, Hemigrapsus sp. and Perisesarma bidens (De Haan), caught from the upper-intertidal zone of the same locality. As a result of the morphological observation, seven pairs of postcloacal papillae in adult males are confirmed. This matches with the character of H. longissimum, but the shape of the fifth postcloacal papillae differs between the present material and H. longissimum; the former possesses pedunculate papillae in the fifth pair whereas the latter has sessile papillae. Since the pedunculate papillae can be found in the original description and the syntype specimens of H. anguillae Yamaguti, 1935 that has been synonymised with H. longissimum, we thus here resurrect H. anguillae as an accepted species. For the life-cycle of the present nematode, littoral crabs, including the two infected species, are likely to be the source of infections for Japanese eels, acting as intermediate hosts., Hirotaka Katahira, Kazuya Nagasawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

773. Heliotropic leaf movement of Sophora alopecuroides L: an efficient strategy to optimise photochemical performance

Creator:
Zhu, C. G., Chen, Y. N., Li, W. H., Chen, X. L., and He, G. Z.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, Vnitřní Mongolsko (Čína), Inner Mongolia (China), jerlín, Ejina basin, electron transport rate, energy dissipation, leaf tilt angle, nonphotochemical quenching, petiole angle, quantum yield, trichome, Sophora alopecuroides L., 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
We studied the survival adaptation strategy of Sophora alopecuroides L. to habitat conditions in an arid desert riparian ecosystem. We examined the responses of heliotropic leaf movement to light conditions and their effects on plant photochemical performance. S. alopecuroides leaves did not show any observable nyctinastic movement but they presented sensitive diaheliotropic and paraheliotropic leaf movement in the forenoon and at midday. Solar radiation was a major factor inducing leaf movement, in addition, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit could also influence the heliotropic leaf movement in the afternoon. Both diaheliotropic leaf movement in the forenoon and paraheliotropic leaf movement at midday could help maintain higher photochemical efficiency and capability of light utilisation than fixed leaves. Paraheliotropic leaf movement at midday helped plants maintain a potentially higher photosynthetic capability and relieve a risk of photoinhibition. Our findings indicated the effective adaptation strategy of S. alopecuroides to high light, high temperature, and dry conditions in arid regions. This strategy can optimise the leaf energy balance and photochemical performance and ensure photosystem II function., C. G. Zhu, Y. N. Chen, W. H. Li, X. L. Chen, G. Z. He., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

774. Helminth parasites of Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in the Great Salt Lake, Utah: first data from the native range of this invader of European wetlands

Creator:
Redón, Stella, Berthelemy, Nicole J, Mutafchiev, Yasen, Amat, Francisco, Georgiev, Boyko B, and Vasileva, Gergana P
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitičtí červi, hlístice, helminth parasites, Nematodes, American brine shrimp, helminth larvae, Cestoda, cysticercoids, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The present study is the first survey on the role of Artemia franciscana Kellogg as intermediate host of helminth parasites in its native geographical range in North America (previous studies have recorded nine cestode and one nematode species from this host in its invasive habitats in the Western Mediterranean). Samples of Artemia franciscana were collected from four sites in the Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, across several months (June-September 2009). A. franciscana serves as intermediate host of five helminth species in this lake. Four of them are cestodes: three hymenolepidids, i.e. Confluaria podicipina (Szymanski, 1905) (adults parasitic in grebes), Hymenolepis (sensu lato) californicus Young, 1950 (adults parasitic in gulls), Wardium sp. (definitive host unknown, probably charadriiform birds), and one dilepidid, Fuhrmannolepis averini Spassky et Yurpalova, 1967 (adults parasitic in phalaropes). In addition, an unidentified nematode of the family Acuariidae was recorded. Confluaria podicipina is the most prevalent and abundant parasite at all sampling sites, followed by H. (s. l.) californicus. The species composition of the parasites and the spatial variations in their prevalence and abundance reflect the abundance and distribution of aquatic birds serving as their definitive hosts. The temporal dynamics of the overall helminth infections exhibits the highest prevalence in the last month of study at each site (August or September). This native population of A. franciscana from GSL is characterised with higher prevalence, intensity and abundance of the overall cestode infection compared to the introduced populations of this species in the Palaearctic Region. The values of the infection descriptors in the native population of A. franciscana are slightly lower or in some cases similar to those of the Palaearctic species Artemia parthenogenetica Barigozzi (diploid populations) and Artemia salina (Linnaeus) in their native habitats., Stella Redón, Nicole J. Berthelemy, Yasen Mutafchiev, Francisco Amat, Boyko B. Georgiev, Gergana P. Vasileva., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

775. Helminth parasites of the lesser great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from two nesting regions in the Czech Republic

Creator:
František Moravec and Tomáš Scholz
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kormoránovití, parazitičtí červi, morfologie (biologie), ekologie, Phalacrocoracidae, helminth parasites, morphology (biology), ecology, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, fish-eating birds, helminth fauna, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Parasitological examinations of 102 specimens of the lesser great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach) from two nesting regions in the Czech Republic (South Bohemia and South Moravia) were carried out at the Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences (previously the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) in the years 1987-1992. In them, a total of 19 species of helminth parasites was found, including Trematoda (11 species), Cestoda (2), Nematoda (4) and Acanthocephala (2), which can be divided into three main groups regarding their host specificity: parasites specific for cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.) (37%), those parasitic mainly in cormorants (16%) and non-specific parasites (47%). Of the 19 species recorded, 100% were found in South Moravia, but only 47% of these 19 species in South Bohemia. The higher number of helminth species in cormorants from South Moravia and a higher proportion of non-specific species may be associated with the presence of the large Nové Mlýny water reservoir, in addition to better ecological and environmental conditions in this warmer region. Scanning electron microscopical examination of three common nematode species parasitising cormorants, Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964, Desmidocercella incognita Solonitsin, 1932 and Syncuaria squamata (von Linstow, 1883), revealed some taxonomically important, previously unreported morphological features, such as the cephalic structures, numbers and distribution of male caudal papillae or the shapes of spicules., František Moravec, Tomáš Scholz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

777. Herbářovaná šedesátka: položka Echium alias Hadinec Jiří

Creator:
Pavel Kovář, Lustyk, Pavel, Petr Sklenář, and Michal Štefánek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, Hadinec, Jiří, 1955-, Univerzita Karlova., Přírodovědecká fakulta, herbáře, botanika, výročí, botanici, herbaria, botany, anniversaries, botanics, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pavel Kovář, Pavel Lustyk, Petr Sklenář, Michal Štefánek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

778. Herpetofauna brunejského národního parku Ulu Temburong

Creator:
Mačát, Zdeněk
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana, zoologie, herpetologie, národní parky, zoology, herpetology, national parks, Brunej, Brunei, 2, and 502
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tento článek přináší pohled na diverzitu herpetofauny na ostrově Borneo. Autor pobýval tři týdny na výzkumné stanici Brunejské univerzity a během denních a nočních odchytů zaznamenával obojživelníky a plazy v nížinném smíšeném dvojkřídláčovém pralese. Článek se zaměřuje na zajímavé a významné druhy herpetofauny, a tak není jen výčtem druhů tropického lesa., This paper presents species diversity of amphibians and reptiles from lowland mixed dipterocarp rainforest in the Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam in Borneo. A three-week herpetological survey at Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre is described, and several endangered and ecologically important species are mentioned., and Zdeněk Mačát.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

779. High density of fox and cat faeces in kitchen gardens and resulting rodent exposure to Echinococcus multilocularis and Toxoplasma gondii

Creator:
Bastien, Matthieu, Vaniscotte, Amélie, Combes, Benoit, Umhang, Gérald, Germain, Estelle, Gouley, Valentin, Pierlet, Alice, Quintaine, Thomas, Forin-Wiart, Marie-Amélie, Villena, Isabelle, Aubert, Dominique, Boué, Franck, and Poulle, Marie-Lazarine
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hlodavci, rodents, rodent prevalence, food-borne agents, fox faeces density, cat faeces density, parasite transmission risk, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The faeces of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus), and the domestic cat, Felis catus (Linnaeus), can be responsible for spreading eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) into the environment. The accidental ingestion of these eggs or oocysts, through consumption of raw fruits or vegetables grown in or in contact with contaminated soil, can lead to alveolar echinococcosis (AE) or toxoplasmosis in humans. The present study provides a quantitative assessment of the faecal deposition by foxes and cats in kitchen gardens where fruits and vegetables are grown and its consequences for zoonosis transmission. The density of definitive host faeces is considered as one of the main factors in infection risk for intermediate hosts. The density of fox and cat faeces, as well as the prevalence of both AE and toxoplasmosis in rodent populations (contaminated by ingestion of eggs or oocysts), were compared within and outside kitchen gardens. Our results showed that the mean density of fox faeces did not significantly differ between kitchen gardens and habitat edges (0.29 ± 0.04 faeces/m2 vs 0.22 ± 0.02 faeces/m2), the latter being known as an area of high fox faeceal densities. The density of cat faeces was significantly higher within the kitchen garden than outside (0.86 ± 0.22 faeces/m2 vs 0.04 ± 0.02 faeces/m2). The sampled kitchen gardens might therefore be considered as possible hotspots for both fox and cat defecation. Of the 130 rodents trapped, 14% were infected by at least one species of fox or cat intestinal parasite. These rodents were significantly more often infected when they were exposed to a kitchen garden. These results suggest that the deposit of fox and cat faeces in kitchen gardens would significantly impact the risk of human exposure to E. multilocularis and T. gondii. and should be prevented using effective means., Matthieu Bastien, Amélie Vaniscotte, Benoit Combes, Gérald Umhang, Estelle Germain, Valentin Gouley, Alice Pierlet, Thomas Quintaine, Marie-Amélie Forin-Wiart, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Franck Boué, Marie-Lazarine Poulle., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

780. High-altitude migration of Heteroptera in Britain

Creator:
Reynolds, Don R., Nau, Bernard S., and Chapman, Jason W.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Heteropteran bugs, aerial sampling, windborne migration, atmospheric transport, life-history strategies, seasonal cycles, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Heteroptera caught during day and night sampling at a height of 200 m above ground at Cardington, Bedfordshire, UK, during eight summers (1999, 2000, and 2002–2007) were compared to high-altitude catches made over the UK and North Sea from the 1930s to the 1950s. The height of these captures indicates that individuals were engaged in windborne migration over distances of at least several kilometres and probably tens of kilometres. This conclusion is generally supported by what is known of the species’ ecologies, which reflect the view that the level of dispersiveness is associated with the exploitation of temporary habitats or resources. The seasonal timing of the heteropteran migrations is interpreted in terms of the breeding/overwintering cycles of the species concerned., Don R. Reynolds, Bernard S. Nau, Jason W. Chapman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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