The history of lasers at the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR in Brno (ISI) has begun 1249 days after the worldwide premiere of laser. The first to be put into operation at ISI was the He-Ne laser (16 October 1963). Highest attention was then paid to its further development making possible a large number of its applications. The He-Ne laser was followed by a ruby laser (4 March 1964), He-Cd laser (1970), and Nd:YAG laser (1973). The article presents all achievements concerning lasers at ISI accompanied by historic photos, their applications and routes to production at national companies. Nowadays many of these instruments and techniques are in use and are further being perfected, such as interferometric distance measurements with sub-nanometer resolution, methods of comparison of metrological etalons by femtosecond lasers, utilization of laser light for manipulations with micro-object combined with laser micro-spectroscopy., P. Zemánek, J. Lazar, O. Číp, L. Oprchalová, J. Kršek, D. Vavrouch., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Palacký University is a partner of 7th Framework program entitled "Closed Loop Control of the Laser Welding Process through the Measurement of Plasma (no. 222279)" - CLET. Researchers and small/middle enterprises cooperate here on sensor development to control laser weld quality using spectroscopy methods. It makes possible an on-line optimization of process parameters avoiding formation of material defects. and Hana Chmelíčková, Hana Lapšanská.
The PALS laser infrastructure has been serving European laser physicists since September 2000. The author is recalling step by step history of the PALS laboratory since its very beginnings, highlighting the main achievements of its 10 years lasting international collaborative research activities. In conclusion he discusses the PALS future role in view of the European ESFRI projects ELI and HiPER., V září letošního roku uplyne deset let od zahájení prvních mezinárodních experimentů. s pulsním jódovým fotodisociačním laserovým systémem terawattového výkonu umístěným v Badatelském centru PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System). V tomto příspěvku podrobně zmapujeme okolnosti jeho vzniku a dalšího vývoje., Jiří Ullschmied., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Many fundamental processes in chemistry and biology occur on extremely short time scales inaccessible by conventional analytical methods. Here we show how femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals intimate details of key molecular processes such as electron or energy transfer. We describe in detail experimental set-up and discuss various parameters necessary to obtain desired information. Application of the method is demonstrated on peridinin-chlorophyll protein from marine photosynthetic organisms, in which we follow dynamics of energy transfer between carotenoids and chlorophylls., Petr Hříbek, Marcel Fuciman, Pavel Chábera, Tomáš Polívka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Although origins of holography fall to a period more then sixty years ago, its boom started after more than further ten years when the laser was used as a coherent light source. in this article, causes of the boom are summarized and its particular aspects are analyzed in details. only simple mathematical means and illustrative images are presented., Počátky holografie sice spadají do období před více než šedesáti lety, ale svého rozmachu se tato metoda dočkala až po více než dalších deseti letech, poté, co byl využit těsně předtím vynalezený laser jako koherentní světelný zdroj. Ve stati jsou shrnuty příčiny tohoto rozmachu a podrobněji rozebrány jddnotlivé aspekty. Jsou použity pouze jednoduché matematické prostředky a názorné představy (např. co se týče koherence světla)., Miroslav Miler., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The history of semiconductor injection lasers is briefly outlined and the need for lasers integrated on Si chips is explained. Several approaches to overcome inadequate properties of silicon are followed; including (i) silicon nanocrystals and other lowdimensional structures (ii) Si Raman laser, (iii) rare-earth doped Si, and (iv) non-silicon-material lasers integrated to Si chips. Finally, the recent germanium laser is described., Jan Valenta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article provides a brief historical review of the origin and development of the optical quantum generator as well as its primary applications in the former Czechoslovakia. After the first Czechoslovak lasers, the paper describes progress in the field of coherent light source use for holographic puposes. The tendency to search the optimus holographic interferometry schemes aimed to surface deformation measurements in experimental mechanics is outlined. Topics such as image plane holography, pused ruby laser holography, ESPI and dual-channel speckle interferometry, hybrid experimental-numerical stress state determination but also problems solution for engineering practice are discussed in the article., Milan Držík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V tomto příspěvku popíšeme vznik kvantové teorie koherence a její další aplikace v kvantové optice v souvislosti s objevem laseru., In this contribution we describe the origin of quantum theory of coherence and its subsequent applications in quantum optics in relation to discovery of the laser., Jan Peřina., and Obsahuje bibliografii
More or less charged ions of various elements are useful for different applications or for studying purposes. It is generally accepted that Laser Ion Sources are the most effective sources of ions, which are emitted from the laser-produced plasma. Construction of LIS is briefly described. Generation of ions (their charge state, the kinetic energy and amount of them) is influenced by many factors, which are summarized and discussed. The used corpuscular diagnostics are mentioned, too., Leoš Láska, Josef Krása., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V květnu letošního roku si celý vědecko-technický svět připomínal padesát let od uvedení do provozu prvního laseru (16. květen 1960). Laserem generujícím "speciální" elektromagnetické záření byl rubínový laser a vědcem, který poprvé uvedl takové zařízení v činnost, byl Theodor H. Maiman, pracovník Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Slovo laser je akronym názvu Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, což v doslovném překladu znamená "zesílení světla stimulovanou emisí záření". and Helena Jelínková.