This paper represents the Romanian contribution in the frame of the European Co-operation "COST ACTION 625" and it is centered on an electromagnetic methodology for the natural hazard assessment due to both the seismic events and associated active faults which are considered to be sources of the most significant landslides in the Subcarpathian area (Romania). This methodology was established according to the geotectonic features of the seismic-active Vrancea zone and Provita de Sus landslide area. Subsequently, a specific approach regarding the electromagnetic precursory parameters, selected according to the temporal invariability criterion for a 2D geoelectric structure in non-seismic condition, taking into consideration their daily mean distribution versus intermediate depth seismic events recorded simultaneously, was elaborated. A similar electromagnetic technique conveying to additional parameters and models concerning the evolution in time of the landslide phenomena was also imposed, so that a disaster forecasting become possible., Dumitru Stanica and Maria Stanica., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The evolution of soil cover in the area of Litovel has been determined on the basis of grain-size distribution, mineralogy of clay fraction, chemical and micromorphological analyses. The object of the present study was a chronosequence of soils in Pleistocene sediments. Paleopedological data indicate that the area underwent environmental changes including several cycles of pedogenesis. This area provides evidence of at least two first-order warm periods. The highest degree of polygenesis can be demonstrated by Braunlehm-like Parabraunerde (PK V - Late Holstein Interglacial) and Chernozem which evolved from Haplic Luvisols (PK IV - warm period within the Riss glacial). The upper part of the profile documents different types of pedosediments which indicate erosion processes., Anna Žigová and Martin Šťastný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) coordinates time series are still used as a source for determining the velocities of GNSS permanent stations. These coordinates, apart from the geodynamical signals, also contain an interference signal. This paper shows the results of the comparative analysis of the GNSS coordinates time series with a deformation of the Earth's crust obtained from loading models. In the analysis, coordinates time series are used (CODE Repro2013) without loading models (Atmospheric Pressure Loading, Hydrology, Non-Tidal Ocean Loading) at the stage of the reprocessing of GNSS archival data. The analyses showed that in the case of the Up component there is a high correlation between the GNSS coordinates changes and deformations of the Earth's crust from the loading models (coefficient 0.5-0.8). Additionally, we noticed that for horizontal components (North, East) changes occur in the phase shift between coordinates, and the Earth’s crust deformations signals are accelerated or delayed each other (-150 to 200 days). This article shows new methods of iLSE (iteration Least Square Estimation) to determine periodic signals in the time series. Additionally, we compared the values of estimated amplitudes for GNSS and deformation time series. and Kaczmarek Adrian, Kontny Bernard.
This paper contains the studies of the noise level in GPS (Global Positioning System) time series. As the data for this research the authors used changes of the geodetic coordinates of the ASG-EUPOS and associated (Slovak and Czech) sites. The method of precise GPS observations processing in short-time intervals was worked out in the Centre of Applied Geomatics, Military University of Technology. The authors focus on the diurnal and sub-diurnal frequency bands (tidal) as the tidal effects influence the sites’ positions at the most and the model used in the standard processing software does not contain geodetic coefficients. Thus the residual values of the geodetic coordinates time series should hold some information in the shape of coloured noise. The paper comprise short description of the Earth tides phenomenon, the concept of the tidal parameters determination, character of the white and coloured noise and the assessment of the noise estimation from GPS data. As the processed network contains 130 sites the spatial distribution of the noise’s parameters is also investigated., Janusz Bogusz and Bernard Kontny., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The stressed state of the rock mass in the area of the Outokumpu deep drill hole, Finland, was investigated by the boundaryelement method in three mutually orthogonal planes with regard for the massif geological structure. It was found that subhorizontal components of the stress field are determined by tectonic forces acting on the boundaries of the European part of the Eurasian lithospheric plate. In the drill hole vertical section the widest variations of this field gradient occur at the depths of an ophiolite sequence in the range of 1.8-2.0 km., Stepan Savchenko and Feliks Gorbatsevich., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Formulas for full seismic moment tensor composition are present, i.e. moment tensor is express as a function of ISO, CLVD, DC, strike, dip, rake, where ISO is amount of isotropic part, CLVD is amount of compensated liner-vector dipole and DC is amount of pure double couple. Two forms of final formulas are given: i, two matrixes multiplication, ii, extension of "classical" formulas for 6 independent moment tensor elements., Petr Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The paper presents the results of experimental examination of the weathering grade of granite rock mass in the medieval Jeroným Mine (Czech Republic). This mine is declared as a cultural heritage site of the Czech Republic therefore, non-destructive methods for determination of the Schmidt hammer rebound value and the ultrasonic pulse velocity were used to minimize negative impact on the historical workings during in situ exploration. Weathering grade of selected parts of the rockmass in underground spaces was classified visually according to the assumed classification (Hencher and Martin, 1982 in Vahed et al., 2009) and the above mentioned measurements were performed in these parts. Results show that the rebound value and the ultrasonic pulse velocity are decreasing with increasing weathering grade for all investigated parts. Therefore this result is possible to use as a supplementary method for evaluation of weathering grade of rock massif in this mine., Markéta Lednická and Zdeněk Kaláb., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The development of an elevation frame requires a movement model of the Earth's crust. Currently, regardless of the existence of ASG-EUPOS, it seems that the most reasonable approach is to use the model developed from the levelling data. In Poland three maps of vertical crustal movements were developed on the basis of levelling data. The most recent version was published in 2006. In the above mentioned elaborations, the vertical crustal movements were calculated from two subsequent first order levelling campaigns. The results of all four levelling campaigns in Poland were accumulated and digitalized to include more data. The colocation method was used to develop the model. The graphical representation was made with triangulation and linear interpolation. One unified database was developed on the basis of collected and unified data set of unadjusted observations. The first trials of common use of the three first order levelling campaigns were performed in 2008. However the available levelling data was not complete. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the last three campaigns of precise levelling for the development of vertical movement model in Poland., Kamil Kowalczyk and Jacek Rapinski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Reliable observations are the prerequisite for high-precision GNSS data processing. Data quality evaluation at the pre-processing procedure can help the user to identify the weakness of the observations. The open source software package G-Nut/Anubis developed at Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP) is introduced and used for the evaluation of long-term BeiDou/GPS signal. Several key indicators are selected to evaluate the BeiDou/GPS observations. Quantitative analysis shows that more than 100 stations can achieve 6-hour standalone BeiDou positioning at least. The completeness of the BeiDou phase and code observations at three frequencies is higher than that of the GPS observations in the selected station which is mainly attributed to the high elevation observations from GEO and IGSO satellites. Qualitative analysis shows that the multipath effects for pseudorange observations are correlated with signal, receiver types and firmware versions besides the station environment. Users attempting to improve the pseudorange observations by multipath filter should pay attention also to the receiver-specific settings. Cycle slip counts are used to indicate the quality of carrier-phase observations. Results show that BeiDou C05 satellite is more affected by the cycle slips, in particular the third frequency observables. For GPS, the third frequency is more robust compared to the legacy frequencies. Comprehensive single point positioning results show that positioning accuracy for BeiDou is worse than that of GPS, which is mainly caused by less active satellites, worse geometry and the larger errors in the broadcast ephemeris. The BeiDou positioning accuracy was further degraded by the C13/C15 satellite and dominated by large clock errors. Broadcast evaluation shows that the BeiDou orbit errors are related to the constellations. Overall, the orbit precision for both GPS and BeiDou has been gradually improved. Outliers were observed for navigation records assigned with the healthy status, especially for BeiDou broadcast orbits. and Zhao Lewen, Dousa Jan, Vaclavovic Pavel, Ye Shirong, Xia Fengyu.
The observation network was built for the repeated determination of spatial position of points by means of the GPS method. It was built on the surface above extracted mining panels near Karviná, to monitor the development of subsidence depression in non-trivial geo-mechanical conditions. Two years of repeated surveying gave us the information about the process of creating of the subsidence depression in such area. The results gained so far show the important influence of the complicated tectonic situation on the behaviour of surface subsidence. A smooth development of subsidence depression without important irregularities was found out on sites without tectonic faults, while on sites where rock mass is disturbed with tectonic faults, the shape of subsidence depression is very irregular., Hana Doležalová, Vlastimil Kajzar, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografii