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22. Anuální halančíci - ryby adaptované na sezonně vysychající biotopy
- Creator:
- Martin Reichard
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, plazi, ryby, obojživelníci, životní prostředí, ekologie, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, environment, ecology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Halančíci rodu Nothobranchius jsou přizpůsobeni životu v periodických vodních tůních v afrických savanách. Období sucha přežívají v embryonální fázi vývoje. V současné době se rozeznává přes 60 druhů halančíků rodu Nothobranchius, kteří žijí v travnatých savanách a řídkém sezonním lese v širokém pásu východní Afriky. Druh N. furzeri se stal modelovým organismem pro výzkum stárnutí a věnují se mu v několika laboratořích v Evropě, USA a Asii. Náš výzkum se zaměřuje hlavně na evoluční ekologii tří druhových komplexů tohoto rodu v oblasti jižního a středního Mosambiku., Killifish from the genus Nothobranchius are adapted to temporal pools in African savannahs. They survive the dry phase as dormant eggs and develop rapidly after the onset of rainy season. There are about 60 species of Nothobranchius distributed throughout Eastern Africa. One species group became a model for studies on ageing. Our current field and laboratory research on annual Killifish from Mozambique is reviewed and particular studies on their ecology and evolution are highlighted., and Martin Reichard.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
23. Arthropod fauna recorded in flowers of apomictic Taraxacum section Ruderalia
- Creator:
- Alois Honěk, Zdenka Martinková, Jiří Skuhrovec, Miroslav Barták, Jan Bezděk, Petr Bogusch, Hadrava, Jiří, Jiří Hájek, Janšta, Petr, Josef Jelínek, Jan Kirschner, Kubáň, Vítězslav, Stanislav Pekár, Pavel Průdek, Pavel Štys, and Jan Šumpich
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, členovci, hmyz, pyl, smetanka, arthropods, insects, pollen, Taraxacum, Arthropoda, Insecta, plant-herbivore interactions, abundance, annual variation, diurnal variation, host communities, flower temperature, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Flowers of dicotyledonous plants host communities of arthropod species. We studied the community associated with dandelion (Taraxacum section Ruderalia), a complex of apomictic micro-species abundant in central Europe. Identification of microspecies in the field was impracticable. These plants produce an abundance of flowers that host arthropod communities that are not yet fully documented. We investigated species occurrence, its diurnal and seasonal variation and some of the factors that determine the abundance of the dominant species. Insect and spiders were collected from 2010 to 2012 at a locality in Prague. Whole capitula were harvested at weekly intervals and resident arthropods were identified. Diurnal variation in insect presence and the effect of pollen and microclimate on some of the species were also examined. The insect community (> 200 species) consisted mainly of species of Hymenoptera (86 spp.), Coleoptera (56 spp.), Diptera (46 spp.) and Heteroptera (23 spp.). The most abundant were Thysanoptera (2 spp.). Pollen eaters/collectors and nectar feeders dominated over predators and occasional visitors. From April to mid-August, the insect community was dominated by Coleoptera, and later by Diptera and Hymenoptera. Except for Meligethes spp. and species breeding in the capitula, the insects occupied flowers during the daytime when the flowers were open (10-12 h in spring and only 2-4 h in late summer). The presence of Meligethes spp. in particular flowers was associated with the presence of pollen; the occurrence of Byturus ochraceus with pollen and flower temperature. Although pollination is not necessary, dandelion plants produce both nectar and pollen. The community of arthropods that visit dandelion flowers is rich despite their being ephemeral.The composition of local faunas of flower visitors, presence of floral rewards and flower microclimate are important factors determining the composition of the flower community., Alois Honěk, Zdenka Martinková, Jiří Skuhrovec, Miroslav Barták, Jan Bezděk, Petr Bogusch, Jiří Hadrava, Jiří Hájek, Petr Janšta, Josef Jelínek, Jan Kirschner, Vítězslav Kubáň, Stano Pekár, Pavel Průdek, Pavel Štys, Jan Šumpich., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24. Assessing the efficiency of UV LEDs as light sources for sampling the diversity of macro-moths (Lepidoptera)
- Creator:
- Infusino, Marco, Brehm, Gunnar, Di Marco, Carlo, and Scalercio, Stefano
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, lesní ekosystémy, motýli, butterflies, forest ecosystems, Středozemní moře (oblast), Itálie, Mediterranean area, Italy, Lepidoptera, light trapping, UV LEDs, diversity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Light trapping is the most widely used tool for determining the diversity of nocturnal Lepidoptera, but UV LEDs have yet to be used as light sources for the large-scale monitoring of Lepidoptera. We assessed the efficiency of this novel light source for sampling moths using a Heath type moth equipped with a strip of 150 high brightness UV LEDs (emission peak 398 nm, ~ 15 W) powered by a 12 V battery. We compared the number of individuals, the number of species and the Geometridae / Noctuidae ratio recorded for the samples collected using UV LED traps with those collected in two monitoring programs carried out in the same geographic region using two different light sources: a 200 W incandescent lamp (Rothamsted trap) and a 160 W mercury vapour lamp (manual catch). The total catch consisted of 61,120 individuals belonging to 699 species. The species richness rarefaction curves revealed that the Rothamsted trap collected fewer species and individuals than UV LED traps. Furthermore, the median numbers of species and individuals caught by UV LED traps fell within the range of those caught by mercury vapour lamp traps. In addition, the community composition recorded using incandescent lamps and UV LEDs was similar. The data obtained using UV LED traps, in absolute terms and in comparison with the other light sources and different sampling methods, clearly reveal that this light source is suitable for sampling macro-moth communities. For field work UV LEDs have many advantages, as they are resistant to mechanical damage, easily protected from heavy rain and energy efficient., Marco Infusino, Gunnar Brehm, Carlo Di Marco, Stefano Scalercio., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25. Assessment of the quality of the terrestrial habitat of the threatened dragonfly, Sympetrum depressiusculum (Odonata: Libellulidae)
- Creator:
- Hykel, Michal, Filip Harabiš, and Aleš Dolný
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, vážky, ohrožené druhy, Odonata, endangered species, Libellulidae, Sympetrum depressiusculum, aquatic insect, habitat preference, habitat management, terrestrial environment, landscape heterogeneity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The majority of the conservation strategies for threatened dragonflies are designed to protect only their aquatic habitats. Sympetrum depressiusculum is a species threatened not only by the destruction of its aquatic habitats but also by its association with a specific terrestrial environment. In this study, we aimed to identify the key elements of the terrestrial environment of adult S. depressiusculum. We used generalized linear mixed models to determine habitat preferences of adults and the particular features of habitat patches, such as vegetation cover, vegetation structure and the availability of potential prey. Our results indicate that S. depressiusculum adults preferred mainly riparian vegetation but beyond ponds they utilized only certain terrestrial habitats (abandoned fields, meadows, forest clearings). Adults responded positively to habitat patches with a high cover of vegetation and suitable vegetation structure. Adult abundance was affected also by the distance of patches from the natal site. In an agricultural landscape, the availability of such habitat patches may be limited and could influence the abundance and distribution of this species. We suggest that conservation efforts for this species should not only focus on the larval environment but also include suitable surrounding terrestrial habitats. Effective management around natal sites should concentrate on maintaining a heterogeneous landscape, which is extensively managed (e.g. leaving several fields fallow, maintaining managed hay meadows)., Michal Hykel, Filip Harabiš, Aleš Dolný., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26. Benthic communities in inland salinized waters with different salinities and nutrient concentrations and the ecology of Chironomus aprilinus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Josef Matěna, Šímová, Iva, Jakub Brom, and Novotná, Kateřina
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, pakomárovití, těžba uhlí, oplodnění, Diptera, Chironomidae, coal mining, fertilization (biology), Chironomus aprilinus, hydric restoration, saline inland waters, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The macrozoobenthos in saline pools at dumps in a former coal mining area was studied over a period of two years. Due to specific environmental conditions these pools are unique in the Czech Republic. Extremely high values of salinity (up to 11‰) along with a low concentration of dissolved phosphorus (0.01-0.1 mg.l-1) are typical of some of the water in this area. The pools were grouped into three categories based on their conductivity values and treated using cow dung, municipal wastewater treatment sludge and inorganic NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) fertilizer at doses recommended for carp ponds. The application of fertilizer had a positive effect on the density and biomass of all the groups in the macrozoobenthos. The highest and the lowest increases in macrozoobenthos biomass were recorded after the application of NPK and cow dung, respectively. However, the application of fertilizer had no effect on the diversity of macrozoobenthos. Chironomus aprilinus, recorded in the Czech Republic for the first time, inhabited all pools with conductivity ranges of between 5,000-16,000 µS.cm-1. The density of C. aprilinus larvae increased with increasing salinity reaching a maximum of about 17,083 ind.m-2 (biomass - 82 g.m-2). Analysis of C. aprilinus phenology revealed a bivoltine pattern with the summer generation of larvae reaching a maximum in June-July and the overwintering generation in October to November., Josef Matěna, Iva Šínová, Jakub Brom, Kateřina Novotná., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
27. Biodiversity - economy or ecology? Long-term study of changes in the biodiversity of aphids living in steppe-like grasslands in Central Europe
- Creator:
- Osiadacz, Barbara, Hałaj, Roman, and Chmura, Damian
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, polokřídlí, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, bio-ecological groups, community structure, protected habitats, loss of biodiversity, human impact, NMDS methods, regional hotspots, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper examines the changes in the species composition of aphids living in dry calcareous grasslands in Central Europe over a 25-year period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of this type in the world that takes into account both previous and current data on species richness as well as groups of aphids that are distinguishable on the basis of biological and ecological criteria such as host-alternation and feeding types, life cycle, ecological niche, symbiosis with ants and their ecological functional groups. Over the period of more than 25 years, there has been a significant decrease in aphid α-diversity, from 171 to 105 species. The gain, which is in species not previously recorded, was 17 taxa. The loss of biodiversity occurred despite the fact that these habitats are protected and are valuable regional biodiversity hotspots. The losses are mostly related to intensive human activity in adjacent areas, which, unfortunately, has resulted in the isolation of these small, protected environmental islands by the removal of ecological corridors. Since, as is shown in this study, the frequencies between individual biological and ecological groups of aphids have been retained, it would be possible to restrict this loss of biodiversity if appropriate actions are taken., Barbara Osiadacz, Roman Hałaj, Damian Chmura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28. Biological parameters of Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) reared in the laboratory on two diets
- Creator:
- Zawadneak, Maria A. C., Gonçalves, Rodrimar B., Poltronieri, Alex S., Santos, Bráulio, Bischoff, Adélia M., Borba, Aline M., and Pimentel, Ida C.
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, jahody, rozmnožování (biologie), butterflies, strawberries, reproduction, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Duponchelia fovealis, European pepper moth, artificial diet, life cycle, development, biological parameters, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Duponchelia fovealis Zeller is a polyphagous insect that has been recently reported attacking strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne). Despite its economic importance there are few studies on this pest because it is difficult to rear it in the laboratory. With a constant supply of insects, studies on alternative methods of pest control can be conducted. This study aimed at developing an artificial diet for rearing D. fovealis with biological characteristics similar to those reared on their natural diet. This study was carried out in a climate-controlled room (25°C ± 2°C, RH 70% ± 10%, and 14L : 10D). The natural diet consisted of 'San Andreas' strawberry leaves (D1), while the artificial diet (D2) was developed in which beans, casein, soy protein, yeast and wheat germ are used as sources of protein. Five instars were identified. D. fovealis completed its life cycle in 38 and 40 days when fed D1 and D2, respectively. Survival was highest for the larvae fed the artificial diet. Females fed D1 lay a mean of 300.2 ± 62.3 eggs, while those fed D2, 220.3 ± 41.8 eggs. The artificial diet is suitable for the continuous rearing of D. fovealis in the laboratory., Maria A. C. Zawadneak, Rodrimar B. Gonçalves, Alex S. Poltronieri, Bráulio Santos, Adélia M. Bischoff, Aline M. Borba, Ida C. Pimentel., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29. Biologické invaze a paraziti - příběh raků a račího moru
- Creator:
- Eva Kozubíková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, raci, parazitologie, crayfish, parasitology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Severoameričtí raci (např. rak pruhovaný a rak signální vyskytující se i v ČR) jsou příkladem invazních živočichů, jejichž invazní potenciál je zesílen přenosem onemocnění nebezpečného pro příbuzné druhy z jiných geografických oblastí. Původcem nemoci, tzv. račího moru, je Aphanomyces astaci ze skupiny Oomycetes způsobující úhyny celých populací evropských raků. Račí mor se v Evropě vyskytuje už od 19. století a i v současnosti zůstává přes intenzívní výzkum jedním z nejvýznamnějších faktorů ohrožujících původní raky (u nás jde o raka říčního a raka kamenáče, u nichž bylo jen od roku 2004 zaznamenáno deset případů zdecimování populací touto nemocí)., North American crayfish species such as the Spiny-cheek Crayfish and the Signal Crayfish are examples of invasive animals with an ability to carry and transmit a disease lethal to their relatives from other parts of the world. The disease called the crayfish plague and caused by Aphanomyces astaci (Oomycetes) may eradicate whole populations of the indigenous European crayfish. The disease is known in Europe from the 19th century and despite intensive research it is still one of the main factors endangering indigenous crayfish., and Eva Kozubíková-Balcarová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30. Book Review: Pearson D.L., Knisley C.B., Duran D.P. & Kazilek C.J. 2015: A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of the United States and Canada. Identification, Natural History, and Distribution of the Cicindelinae. 2nd ed
- Creator:
- Jaskuła, R.
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, entomology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- [autor recenze] R. Jaskuła.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public