Vitamin D is synthesised in the skin during exposure to sunlight and its fundamental roles are the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone mineralisation. The aim of our study was to evaluate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 , PTH and bone turnover markers (P1NP, OC, β -CTx, OC/ β -CTx) and the intake of calcium and vitamin D in Polish Professional Football League (Ekstraklasa) players and in young men with a low level of physical activity. Fifty healthy men aged 19 to 34 years were included in the study. We showed that 25(OH)D3 and P1NP levels and OC/ β -CTx were higher in the group of professional football players than in the group of phys ically inactive men. The daily vitamin D and calcium intake in th e group of professional football players was also higher. We showed a significant relationship between 25(OH)D3 levels and body mass, body cell mass, total body water, fat-free mass, muscle mass, vitamin D and calcium intake. Optimum 25(OH)D3 levels were observed in a mere 16.7 % of the football players and vitamin D deficiency was observed in the physically inactive men. The level of physical activity, body composition, calcium and vitamin D intake and the duration of exposure to sunlight may significantly affect serum levels of 25(OH)D3 ., K. Solarz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The FTO gene variants are the most important genetic determinants of body weight and obesity known so far, but the mechanism of their effect remain s unclear. We have analyzed FTO rs17817449 variant (G>T in first intron) in 6024 adults aged 45-69 years to assess the potential mediating role of diet and physical activity. Diet was assessed by a 140-item food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured by hours spent during a typical week by sport, walking and other activities outside of work requiring heavy and medium physical activity. Basal metabolic rate was calculated according Schofield formula. The FTO variant was significantly associated with body mass index (means in GG, GT and TT ca rriers were 28.7, 28.2 and 27.8 kg/m 2 , p<0.001) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (means in GG, GT and TT were 1603, 1588 and 1576 kcal per day, respectively, p<0.008) but it was not associated with physical activity, total energy intake or with energy intakes from fat, carbohydrates, proteins or alcohol. Results were essentially similar in men and women and the adjustment for physical activity or dietary energy intake did not reduce the effect of the FTO polymorphism. Means of BMR per kg of body weight was lowest in GG carriers (20.09, 20.21 for GT and 20.30 for TT, p< 0.006) and this effect was more pronounced in females. These results suggest that the effect of the FTO rs17817449 variant on BMI in Caucasian adults is not mediated by energy intake or physical activity, but some effect on BMR per kg of body weight is possible., J. A. Hubáček ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications including impaired cardiac muscle function. The effects of insulin treatment on heart rate, body temperature and physical activity in the alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rat were investigated using in vivo biotelemetry techniques. The electrocardiogram, physical activity and body temperature were recorded in vivo with a biotelemetry sy stem for 10 days before ALX treatment, for 20 days following administration of ALX (120 mg/kg) and thereafter, for 15 days whilst rats received daily insulin. Heart rate declined rapi dly after administration of ALX. Pre-ALX heart rate was 321 ± 9 beats per minute, falling to 285 ± 12 beats per minute 15-20 days after ALX and recovering to 331±10 beats per minute 5-10 days after commencement of insulin. Heart rate variabilit y declined and PQ, QRS and QT intervals were prolonged after administration of ALX. Physical activity and body temperature declined after administration of ALX. Pre-ALX body temperature was 37.6 ± 0.1 °C, falling to 37.3 ± 0.1 °C 15-20 days after ALX an d recovering to 37.8±0.1 °C 5-10 days after commencement insulin. ALX-induced diabetes is associated with disturbances in heart rhythm, physical activity and body temperature that are variously affected during insulin treatment., F. C. Howarth ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim was to find the differences in ketogenesis initiation in the early period after the exercise in obese patients and to find if these changes may predict the weig ht loss during the physical activity program. 96 females were enrolled. A clamped heart rate test (CHR) was performed to establish comparable exercise intensity. Blood samples for beta hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) assessment were collected prior, immediately after and 60 min after the test. Patients underwent a three month fitness program. Anthropometric measurements (fat mass and biochemical parameters) were measured. An energy intake was monitored and comparable in all subjects. A significant increase of BOHB was found in 60 th minute after the test, when compared with initiation levels (BOHB1 vs. BOHB3; p=0.03). This increase correlates with % fat mass (R=0.196; p=0.02) and negatively with age (R= –0.147; p=0.05) and with weight reduction during the three-month program (R= -0.299; p=0.03). Serum BOHB increase after the single exercise may detect individuals with an ability to induce lipolysis in three-month program of physical activity for obese patients., M. Matoulek, S. Svobododova, R. Vetrovska, Z. Stranska, S. Svačina., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Bradykinin can enhance skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU), and exercise increases both br adykinin production and muscle insulin sensitivity, but bradykinin’s relationship with post-exercise insulin action is uncertain. Our primary aim was to determine if the B2 receptor of bradykinin (B2R) is essential for the post- exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscles. Wildtype (WT) and B2 R knockout (B2RKO) mice were sedentary or performed 60 minutes of treadmill exercise. Isolated soleus muscles were incubated with [ 3 H]-2-deoxyglucose ±insulin (60 or 100 μ U/ml). GU tended to be greater for WT vs. B2RKO soleus with 60 μ U/ml insulin (P=0.166) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μ U/ml insulin (P<0.05). Both genotypes had significant exercise-induced reductions (P<0.05) in glycemia and insulinemia, and the decrements for glucose (~14 %) and insulin (~55 %) were similar between genotypes. GU tended to be greater for exercised vs. sedentary soleus with 60 μ U/ml insulin (P=0.063) and wa s significantly greater for muscles with 100 μ U/ml insulin (P<0.05). There were no significant interactions between genotype and exercise for blood glucose, plasma insulin or GU. These results indicate that the B2R is not essential for the exerci se-induced decrements in blood glucose or plasma insulin or for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscle., G. G. Schweitzer ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim of our study was to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise on anthropome tric, biochemical and hormonal parameters and mRNA expression of selected factors involved in metabolic regulations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Fifteen obese wome n with arterial hypertension underwent a three-month exercise program consisting of 30 min of aerobic exercise 3 times a we ek. Fifteen healthy lean women with no intervention served as a control group. Obese group underwent anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy and 24-h blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after three months of exercise, while control group was examined only once. At baseline, obese group had increased SCAT expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines relative to control group. Three months of regular exercise improved anthropometric parameters, decreased CRP, blood glucose and HOMA-IR, while having no significant effect on lipid profile and blood pressure. Gene expressions in SCAT were not affected by physical activity with the exce ption of increased aquaporin-3 mRNA expression. We conclude that three months of regular exercise decrease systemic subc linical inflammation with only minor influence on the blood pressure and the endocrine function of subcutaneous fat., P. Trachta, J. Drápalová, P. Kaválková, V. Toušková, A. Cinkajzlová, Z. Lacinová, M. Matoulek, T. Zelinka, J. Widimský Jr., M. Mráz, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii