The experiments of stemflow of two semiarid shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides) and its effect on soil water enhancement were conducted from 1st May to 30th September of 2009–2013 in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Stemflow values in C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides averaged 6.7% and 2.4% of total rainfall. The rainfall threshold for stemflow generation was 0.5 and 2.5 mm for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. When rainfall was less than 17.0 mm, the funnelling ratios were highly variable, however, stable funnelling ratios were found for rainfall greater than 17.0 mm for C. korshinskii. The funnelling ratios of H. rhamnoides first increased until a threshold value of 10.0 mm and then the funnelling ratios begin stabilize. The wetting front depths in the area around stem was 1.4–6.7 and 1.3–2.9 times deeper than area outside the canopy for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. Soil moisture at soil depth 0–200 cm was 25.6% and 23.4% higher in soil around stem than that outside canopy for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. The wetting front advanced to depths of 120 and 100 cm in the area around stem and to depths of 50 cm in the area outside the canopy for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides suggested that more rain water can be conserved into the deep soil layers through shrub stemflow. Soil moisture was enhanced in the area outside the shrub canopy, only when rainfall depth is > 4.7 and 5.1 mm, which is an effective rainfall for the area for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. While for the area around stem of C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides, the corresponding threshold values are 3.2 and 4.3 mm. These results confirmed that stemflow has a positive effect on soil moisture balance of the root zone and the enhancement in soil moisture of deeper soil layers.
A total of 39 Amiota species are found from the southern portion of Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China, including 12 new species: A. gaoi sp. n., A. gracilenta sp. n., A. multispinata sp. n., A. yifengi sp. n., A. angustifolia sp. n., A. bacillia sp. n., A. biacuta sp. n., A. cultella sp. n., A. deltoidea sp. n., A. pianmensis sp. n., A. setosa sp. n. and A. bifoliolata sp. n. A key to all the studied species from Hengduan Mountains is provided.
The species and tribal position of the genus Aivalykus Nixon are discussed. Two new species of Aivalykus from China and Indonesia are described: A. nitidus sp. n. and A. bouceki sp. n. The genus Ecphyloides Marsh, 1993 is considered a junior synonym of Aivalykus Nixon, 1938. A key to the species of Aivalykus is given.
Od nástupu páté generace čínských vůdců k moci v listopadu 2012 se pozorovatelé Číny intenzivně zamýšlejí nad tím, zda se Xi Jinpingovu vedení podaří obnovit reformní proces zpomalený během předcházející dekády. Velmi diskutovaná je i úzce související otázka, zda se v Xi Jinpingovi vrací do čínské politiky postava individuálního autoritářského vůdce Mao Zedongova ražení., The article researches the rule of Xi Jinping's fifth generation of Chinese leaders, from their rise to power at the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 2012 until June 2014. It describes some of the organizational aspects of the most recent power transition and examines the most important document of the Xi administration so far available to us, The Decision on Major issues Concerning the Comprehensive Deepening of Reforms, announced after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in November 2013. The article further outlines the impact of the Decision, particularly the formation of several new leading groups and their allocated tasks. The text further addresses the question as to whether Xi Jinping's strong position signals the return to Chinese politics of the Mao-style individual authoritarian rule. The research draws on sources such as official documents, media statements and news articles, as well sas on several relevant articles., Ondřej Klimeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii