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11. Effects of starvation and mating status on the activity of the flea beetle, Phyllotreta nemorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Creator:
Oku, Keiko, M.C.A. Vermeer, Kim, Verbaarschot, Patrick, and Jong, Peter W. de
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Chrysomelidae, Phyllotreta nemorum, female movement, flight activity, mating status, and starvation
Language:
English
Description:
Flea beetles are characterized by their tendency to jump. They can also fly. First, the effects of starvation on flight activity in the flea beetle, Phyllotreta nemorum L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were determined. After starving P. nemorum for five days a greater number of individuals of both sexes flew than when fed continuously for the same period. In addition, the effect of the mating status of females of P. nemorum on their movement was determined. Mated females were more active than virgin females. It is concluded that starvation stimulates the flight activity of both sexes and mating activates the movement of females of P. nemorum.
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12. Egg-dumping behaviour in the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) selected for early and late reproduction

Creator:
Šešlija, Darka, Stojković, Biljana, Tucić, Branka, and Tucić, Nikola
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae, Acanthoscelides obtectus, egg-dumping, selection, and longevity
Language:
English
Description:
In the present study the egg dumping behaviour in short (E)- and long (L)-lived lines of the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus was analyzed. Females of the short-lived E line exhibited substantially higher egg dumping than long-lived L line females. We hypothesize that, since cessation of egg dumping enhances longevity, non-dumping females were selectively favoured in the L regime. Our study also produced evidence that the selection regime affected the male's ability to influence female egg-dumping behaviour. The females mated to males from the lines that were selected for extended longevity and of which the females exhibited little egg-dumping dumped fewer eggs. We suggest that in the L selection regime, where offspring produced at the end of the females' reproductive period were recruited to the next generation, selection operated against those males that stimulated female oviposition in the absence of seeds. This is the first study to provide evidence that selection for long-lived insects results in the reduced potency of male seminal products to stimulate female oviposition.
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13. European and North American populations of Galerucella nymphaeae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) :: Two separate species revealed by chorion polypeptide analysis

Creator:
Nokkala, Christina, Nokkala, Seppo, and Nordell-Paavola, Annette
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Chrysomelidae, Galerucella, classification, and chorion polypeptides
Language:
English
Description:
The Galerucella nymphaeae species complex is a controversial group of leaf-consuming beetles with a Holarctic distribution. It includes several closely allied species or forms living in different habitats and utilizing different food plants. In northern Europe, two species are encountered, G. nymphaeae (L.) living on Nuphar, and G. sagittariae (Gyllenhal) living on semiaquatic or terrestrial plants, while all North American forms have been so far considered conspecific with the European G. nymphaeae. In the present study we have compared chorion polypeptides of the northern European G. nymphaeae and G. sagittariae with North American G. nymphaeae collected from Nuphar. The northern European G. nymphaeae was found to differ from both northern European G. sagittariae and North American G. nymphaeae, which were found to be virtually identical in respect to their chorion polypeptides. The present results, coupled with earlier data concerning e.g. egg morphology, structure of larval cuticle, and comparison of several life history traits, demonstrate that northern European G. nymphaeae and North American G. nymphaeae are not conspecific, and that the North American G. nymphaeae may be more closely allied to the northern European G. sagittariae.
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14. Food remains in the guts of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) adults and larvae

Creator:
Triltsch, Holger
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, brouci, Coccinellidae, Coccinella septempunctata, dospělci, larvy, výživa, potravní zbytky, střevní analýza, kořist, Aphididae, Chrysomelidae, 595.2/.7, and 591.1
Language:
English
Description:
From 1994-1997 the food of Coccinella septempunctata L. was investigated on the basis of gut dissections of adults and larvae collected in the field. Additionally, the gut contents of adults fed under laboratory conditions were investigated. The likelihood of recovering different prey types during gut dissection was variable, which will be illustrated by presenting some common prey fragments. The food eaten by adult C. septempunctata throughout a year was studied at a locality in Berlin-Staaken. Ladybirds were collected from March 1994 until November 1997 in different crops and habitats on roughly a monthly basis. Aphid feeding was detectable from April until October. In May and June they were the most frequent food type. Fungal spores, in most cases the conidia of Alternaria spp., became most frequent in July. Additionally non-aphid arthropods were frequently preyed upon in July. A very common non-aphid prey item were thrips. Pollen was important in May and September. Comparing the food components of newly emerged adults with those of overwintered adults some remarkable differences were detected. In newly emerged adults non-aphid arthropods and fungal spores were much more frequent than in overwintered adults whereas aphids were less frequently found. The diet of adults and larvae was also investigated in June and July in cereal fields at two other localities, Northern Flaeming and Magdeburger Boerde. No difference in adult diet was found between the three localities. The composition of the larval diet was relatively similar to that of the adults., Holger Triltsch, and Lit
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15. Genus-group names of Afrotropical flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae): Annotated catalogue and biogeographical notes

Creator:
Biondi, Maurizio and D'Alessandro, Paola
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Taxonomy, Afrotropical region, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae, Galerucinae, flea beetle genera, catalogue, synonymies, and new combinations
Language:
English
Description:
This paper consists of an up to date annotated catalogue of the Afrotropical genera of Alticinae (Chrysomelidae), with biogeographical notes on the flea beetle fauna occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. The following new synonymies are proposed: Eugonotes Jacoby, 1897 (a subgenus of Sanckia Duvivier, 1891) = Brancucciella Medvedev, 1995 syn. n.; Amphimela Chapuis, 1875 = Dibolosoma Jacoby, 1897 syn. n.; Amphimela Chapuis, 1875 = Halticova Fairmaire, 1898 syn. n.; Podagrica Chevrolat, 1837 = Podagrixena Bechyné, 1968 syn. n.; Aphthona Chevrolat, 1837 = Pseudeugonotes Jacoby, 1899 syn. n.; Nisotra Baly, 1864 = Pseudonisotra Bechyné, 1968 syn. n. The following new combinations are proposed: Afrorestia sjostedti (Weise, 1910) comb. n. (from Crepidodera); Bechuana natalensis (Jacoby, 1906) comb. n. (from Ochrosis); Sesquiphaera natalensis (Jacoby, 1906) comb. n. (from Sphaeroderma). The genus Hildenbrandtina Weise, 1910 is trasferred from Galerucinae to Alticinae. New distributional data for many genera in the Afrotropical region is provided.
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16. Geographic variation in body and ovipositor sizes in the leaf beetle Plateumaris constricticollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its association with climatic conditions and host plants

Creator:
Sota, Teiji, Hayashi, Masakazu, and Yagi, Tsuyoshi
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Chrysomelidae, life history, molecular phylogeny, wetland, and 28S rRNA gene
Language:
English
Description:
Plateumaris constricticollis is a donaciine leaf beetle endemic to Japan, which lives in wetlands and uses Cyperaceae and Poaceae as larval hosts. We analyzed geographic variation in body size and ovipositor dimensions in three subspecies (constricticollis, babai, and toyamensis) in different climatic conditions and on different host plants. In addition, the genetic differentiation among subspecies was assessed using nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences. The body size of subspecies toyamensis is smaller than that of the other subspecies; mean body size tended to increase towards the northeast. Ovipositor length and width are smaller in subspecies toyamensis than in the other subspecies. Although these dimensions depend on body size, ovipositor length still differed significantly between toyamensis and constricticollis-babai after the effect of body size was removed. Multiple regression analyses revealed that body size and ovipositor size are significantly correlated with the depth of snow, but not temperature or rainfall; sizes were larger in places where the snowfall was greatest. Haplotypes of the 28S rRNA gene sequence were not shared among the subspecies. Subspecies constricticollis and babai each had a unique haplotype, whereas subspecies toyamensis had four haplotypes, indicating differentiation among local populations within toyamensis. The evolution of body and ovipositor size in relation to habitat conditions and host plants is discussed.
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17. Insertion of miniature subterminal inverted repeat-like elements in diapause-regulated genes in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Creator:
Yocum, George D., Toutges, Michelle J., Roehrdanz, Richard L., and Dihle, Preston J.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera, Leptinotarsa juncta, transposons, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Determining the genomic structure of diapause-associated transcripts (DAT) -2 and -3 led to the isolation of four novel miniature subterminal inverted repeat-like elements (MSITE): Mild-1, -2, -3 and -4. Mild-1a is inserted within the first intron of diapause protein-1. Mild-1a is 284 bp in length, has a 14 bp target site duplication and three sets of subterminal inverted repeats. The second element, Mild-2a, is inserted within the 3' terminus of Mild-1a. Mild-2a is 29 bp long with a 3 bp target site duplication and one set of subterminal inverted repeats. Using primers based on Mild-1, genomic clones were developed leading to the isolation of Mild-3a. Mild-3a shares 60% identity with Mild-1a, is 253 bp long, has a 9 bp target site duplication and has one set of subterminal inverted repeats. Mild-4a is inserted within the first intron of DAT-2 and is 227 bp in length with a 12 bp target site duplication. Mild-4a appears to be an intermediate form between a miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) and a MSITE because the 5' inverted repeat is terminal (i.e., adjacent to the target site duplication) as in MITEs, but the 3' inverted repeat is separated (in this case, by 33 bp) from the 3' target site duplication as in MSITEs. The target site duplications of Mild-1, -3 and -4 families share a common conserved core of AATTT. All of the transposable elements are AT rich and are able to form hairpin structures. Within the promoter region of DAT-3 is a 163 bp sequence (Mild-1b) that shares 77% identity to the 3' terminus of Mild-1a. Mild-4a has identity to 25 and 53 bp regions within the promoter of the juvenile hormone esterase B gene. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of Mild-1 and -3 elements in both Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Leptinotarsa juncta indicating that these elements are ancestral to the L. decemlineata, L. juncta separation. and George D. Yocum, Michelle J. Toutges, Richard L. Roehrdanz, Preston J. Dihle.
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18. Isolation of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci from the leaf beetle, Lema (Lema) coronata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae)

Creator:
Matsumura, Yoko and Yao, Izumi
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae, Lema (Lema) coronata, L. (L.) scuterallis, magnetic particles, genital evolution, offspring paternity, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Sexual selection is thought to result in an elongation of genitalia in insects. Part of the genitalia of the leaf beetle Lema (Lema) coronata Baly is approximately twice the body length in both sexes. Nine microsatellite loci were isolated from L. (L.) coronata for use in future studies on the correlation between genital length and reproductive success. The nine loci were polymorphic, with three to six alleles per locus recorded in 40 individuals. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.08 to 0.38 and expected heterozygosity from 0.51 to 0.75. The non-exclusive probability of the second parent and the identity calculated from the set of loci were 0.011 and < 0.001, respectively. A deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected at all nine loci, i.e. significant heterozygote deficiencies, and several hypotheses accounting for this are discussed. The isolated loci carried independent information. Five polymorphic loci were amplified in a related sympatric species, L. (L.) scutellaris, which has relatively short genitalia. These microsatellite makers will be used to determine the paternity of offspring of females multiply mated in the laboratory and compare the selection pressures operating on genital length in these closely related species. and Yoko Matsumura, Izumi Yao.
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19. Pepila Weise: Taxonomic identity of the genus and revision of the megalopoides species-group, and description of two new species from Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)

Creator:
Biondi, Maurizio and D'alessandro, Paola
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Pepila, Australia, taxonomy, new species, and new combinations
Language:
English
Description:
In this paper some taxonomic observations on the Australian flea beetle genus Pepila Weise, 1923 are reported. The following species are transferred to the genus Pepila and lectotypes for them designated: Chaetocnema carinata Baly, 1877; Plectroscelis crassipennis Blackburn, 1896; Chaetocnema fuscomaculata Baly, 1877; Plectroscelis hypocrita Blackburn, 1896; Chaetocnema laticeps Baly, 1877; Plectroscelis meyricki Blackburn, 1896; Dibolia ochracea Waterhouse, 1838; Plectroscelis pallidior Blackburn, 1896; Dibolia pygmaea Waterhouse, 1838; Plectroscelis quadraticollis Blackburn, 1896; Chaetocnema submetallescens Baly, 1877; Plectroscelis tumbyensis Blackburn, 1896; Chaetocnema waterhousei Baly, 1877. The synonymy of Chaetocnema submetallescens Baly, 1877 with Plectroscelis longior Blackburn, 1896 is proposed. In addition, the megalopoides species-group, including P. megalopoides Weise, 1923, P. uptoni n.sp., and P. longifallica n.sp., is analyzed.
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20. Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Arginine kinase cloning and RNAi-based pest control

Creator:
Zhao, Yiying, Yang, Guang, Wang-Pruski, Gefu , and You, Minsheng
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Arginine kinase, Chrysomelidae, Phyllotreta striolata, cloning, RNAi, and pest control
Language:
English
Description:
Insect pests cause billions of dollars in crop losses and there is the ever-present threat of insecticide resistance, pesticide pollution of food and environmental damage. New ways of controlling insect pests are urgently needed. Arginine kinase (AK) is a phosphotransferase, which plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism in invertebrates. It only presents in invertebrates and may be a suitable chemotherapeutic target in the control of pests. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length AK gene from Phyllotreta striolata, one of the most destructive beetle pests worldwide. Furthermore, we constructed a dsRNA targeting AK and used RNAi to control the beetle. The feeding bioassays indicated that minute quantities of dsRNA greatly impaired the beetle's development. Ingestion of dsRNA not only significantly retarded the development and increased the mortality of adults, it also greatly reduced fecundity and fertility, suggesting that RNAi targeting AK is a potential and attractive tool for controlling insect pests.
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