The study seeks to recostruct and analyze the intellectual development of Slovak Marxist philosopher Rudolf Šíma in the so-called post-Stalinist period. As an intellectual, Rudolf Šíma was not a major figure, but was still a significant figure of czechoslovakian Marxist philosophical antropology (humanism) in the 1960s. His professional and intellectual horizon reached a plurality of relevant topics, including political theory, ontology, ethics, and the moral foundations of social and political order. This article approaches the complexity, significance, and influence of Marxist philosophical antropology in the post-Stalinist period through reflection on the work of Rudolf Šíma. In this way, the study contributes to the history of modern Marxist philosophy as a whole.