The Egyptian army was the actor whose decisions during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 mattered most. Should the army have decided to support the regime, the revolution might have ended, at best, with thousands of casualties; at worst, it might have followed the bloody Syrian scenario of a civil war. Yet, after a long period of waiting and hesitation the military leadership eventually opted to support the demonstrators. In this respects, the underlying aim of this study is to scrutinize the key decision of the Egyptian military not to intervene in favor of Mubarak's regime. By exploring the borader context of the military's role in the Egyptian political and economic life, this study seeks to illuminate not only the army's decision to "betray" Mubarak's regime, but also the controversial performance of the army after the revolution., Helena Burgrová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Icon-Painting in the Contemporary Coptic Orthodox Church in Connection with the "Coptic Revival" in 20th-Century Egypt - "The National Revival in Coptic Icon-Painting".
Seven of 12 lacertid lizards Acanthodactylus boskianus (Daiidin, 1802), passed oocysts of an Isospora species. Comparison with other species of the genus Isospora Schneider, 1881 indicated that found coccidium represented a new species, for which the name /. abdallahi is proposed. Sporulated oocysts of /. abdallahi are spherical or subspherical, 25.8 (24.5-29.0) x 23.9 (23.0-25.5) pm, shape index (length/width) being 1.07 (1.00-1.16), with a smooth, bilayered oocyst wall that is slightly yellowish, about 2 pm thick. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 15.4 (14.0-16.0 x 9.4 (9.0-10.0) pm, with smooth and colorless sporocyst wall, shape index 1.6 (1.5-1.8). Stieda body is dome-like, substieda body spherical to subspherical. Sporocyst residuum is composed of numerous granules of different size, scattered among sporozoites. Most oocysts are passed unsporulated; sporulation was completed within 12 h at 25'C. Endogenous development occurs inside nuclei of enterocytes in the small intestine.
Příspěvek představuje edici korespondence egyptologů Jaroslava Černého a Františka Lexy doplněnou o úvodní studii. Působení Lexy a Černého položilo základy novodobé československé (a tedy též české) egyptologie, jejíž počátky závisely mnohem více na osobním nasazení dějinných aktérů, nežli na formování institucionálního základu. Korespondence, zejména dopisy, které zasílal J. Černý F. Lexovi v meziválečném období, tedy ve 20. a 30 letech, ilustruje dobře úsilí obou mužů, jejichž cílem bylo ustavit seminář, rozvinout metodologické základy oboru a zajistit přístup k archeologické práci v Egyptě. Posledně zmíněný krok se zdařil s pomocí prvního československého vyslance v Egyptě, Cyrilla Duška, a také díky zásadní pomoci a spolupráci Francouzského ústavu orientální archeologie v Káhiře. Černý také vybudoval síť mezinárodního kontaktů a zprostředkoval poznatky a praktiky mezinárodní egyptologie pro okruh Lexových studentů v Praze., This paper contains an edition of letters and an introductory essay concerning Egyptologists Jaroslav Černý and František Lexa. The careers of Egyptologists Lexa and Černý laid foundations for the history of modern Czechoslovak (and by extension Czech) Egyptology, which depended more on personal efforts than on an institutional background. The correspondence sent by Černý to Lexa during the interwar period (the 1920s to 1930s) illustrates well the efforts of the two men to institute a seminar, develop a methodology of their scholarship and establish a fieldwork position in Egypt. The latter was obtained with the help of the first Czechoslovak envoy in Egypt, Cyrill Dušek, and of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, the support of which was decisive. Černý developed a network of international contacts and mediated transmission of knowledge to Lexa and the circle of students in Prague., and Překlad resumé: Hana Navrátilová a Melvyn Clarke