Iron is an essential limiting factor for primary production in many marine systems. The present study investigated differential regulation of protein expression in marine phytoplankton Prymnesium parvum under low Fe concentration. The phytoplankton was grown in f/2 culture medium in artificial seawater with low (0.0025 μM) and high (0.05 μM) Fe concentrations. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometer analysis were performed for protein identification and characterization. The growth of the alga declined substantially under the low Fe compared to the high Fe concentration. Under low Fe conditions, P. parvum upregulated 10 proteins including chloroplastic ATP synthase subunit b, D2 protein of PSII, D1 protein of PSII reaction centre, and light harvesting complex II protein, most of which are associated with photosynthetic activities in PSII. The results suggest that the marine alga P. parvum altered the biosynthesis of several photosynthetic proteins in order to cope with low Fe conditions., M. M. Rahman, M. A. Rahman, T. Maki, T. Nishiuchi, T. Asano, H. Hasegawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Three adult nematode specimens, all ovigerous females belonging to the family Cystidicolidae Skryabin, 1946, were found for the first time in the subcutaneous tissue around the eye of the captive porcupinefish Diodon nichthemerus Cuvier at a public aquarium in Osaka, Japan. Because no male was available, these could not be identified to the genus and species. This case highlights the risk of parasitism in aquaculture puffer fish, as these may ingest small shrimp, which probably act as intermediate hosts for the nematode., Kozue Sasaki, Yoshimi Miyagawa, Itsuki Kiyatake, Kiyoko Onda, Takaomi Ito, Mitsuhiko Asakawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Genomy eukaryotických organismů se nesmírně liší svou velikostí, kdy dosahují až 66tisícinásobného rozdílu. Největší v současnosti známý genom byl nalezen u vraního oka japonského (Paris japonica), nápadné byliny z Japonska. Množství jaderné DNA u tohoto druhu bylo odhadnuto na 153,32 pg, jeho genetický kód je tak 50krát delší než ten lidský., Genomes of eukaryotic organisms vary tremendously in size, spanning an approximately 66,000-fold range. Recently the largest genome has been discovered in Paris japonica, a striking plant native to Japan. The amount of nuclear DNA was estimated at 153.32 pg, making the genetic code 50 times longer than that of a human being., and Jan Suda.
The current text resumes the topic of fertility rituals in Japan. This part of the entire article deals primarily with two protective village deities, the Dösojin, residing at entrance points to the village and thus overseeing all activity and movement to and from the village itself. The Dösojin thus have the capacity to control and influence everyday life of the villagers in the supernatural field, including new year festivities connected with fertility rituals. The current text not only introduces the shape of the two-day festival but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the issue in question by providing a complex insight into the symbolism and contextual meaning of the performance of the ritual itself., Zuzana Kubovčáková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ferns flourish in many habitats, from epiphytic to terrestrial and from sunny to shady, and such varied conditions require contrasting photosynthetic strategies to cope with drought. Four species of temperate ferns from different habitats were subjected to drought by withholding irrigation in order to investigate their photosynthetic responses. Lepisorus thunbergianus (epiphytic) had low stomatal density and showed high water-use efficiency (WUE) retaining photosynthetic activity with low relative frond water content under drought stress, which suggested their high adaptation to drought. On the other hand, low WUE with low light-saturated photosynthetic rate in Adiantum pedatum (terrestrial, shady environment) was associated with much lower photosynthesis than in the other species under drought stress, suggesting lower adaptation to drought-prone habitats. Morphological stomatal traits such as stomatal density and photosynthetic response to drought in ferns involved species-specific adaptation to survive and grow in their natural habitats with different levels of drought., K. Nishida, Y. T. Hanba., and Obsahuje seznam literatury