Půdní semenná banka má vliv na složení vegetace na daném stanovišti. Semena různých druhů rostlin jsou velmi variabilní jak svým tvarem, tak velikostí. Tato variabilita výrazně ovlivňuje vznik a vývoj složení půdní semenné banky a tím i životnost semene. Složení půdní semenné banky je často výrazně odlišné od složení vegetace na daném stanovišti, což je nejvíce patrné u lesních biotopů. Ke studiu půdní semenné banky se využívá zejména dvou rozdílných metod - metoda ruční separace semen a kultivační metoda., The soil seed bank influences the composition of vegetation on the site. Seeds of different plant species are highly variable both in shape and size. This variation strongly affects the formation and composition of soil seed bank, as well as seed persistence. Soil seed bank composition often considerably differs from that of the local vegetation, which is most evident in forest habitats. Two different methods - separation and cultivation - are used for research into the soil seed bank., Jana Kůrová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The predation on insects on leaves was measured by direct observation using live larvae of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as bait placed on 15 common species of woody plants in a floodplain forest in the temperate region. The predation rate was measured in terms of the proportion of the larvae that were missing or had been attacked after 30 min of exposure on leaves. Despite the fact that the important predators differed during the course of a season, the most frequently recorded predators were birds and ants and less frequently recorded wasps and spiders. Analysis of the pattern in the distribution of the attacks confirmed that it is best described by a negative binomial distribution, which corresponds to a clumped dispersal of predation. Based on the results of the best-fitted generalized additive model, we could not reject an equal probability of attacks on the different species of woody plants. Further, predation at the forest edge was notably higher than in the forest interior. The model also predicted marked variations in the incidence of attacks during the course of a day and a season, with the attacks occurring mainly in three periods during the year and two during the day. In general, the sampling method used could become the standard measure of the risk of insects living on trees being attacked by predators in future studies., Michaela Drozdová, Jan Šipoš, Pavel Drozd., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Cryptic immigrants are common species incorporated in near-natural biocoenoses that occur only in Holocene, mostly very recent deposits, being absent from older (Pleistocene) formations. This is true of Alinda biplicata, Oxychilus cellarius and other presented species. This also applies to isolated occurrences of Itala ornata or Cochlodina commutata that entered the Bohemian Uplands by aerial dispersal from the south. In the Pleistocene, the very early appearance of some southern species (e.g. Drobacia banatica) from the very be-ginning of the interglacial periods is reminiscent of modern snail invasions. How-ever, the former was initiated by the abrupt increase in temperature and moisture., Vojen Ložek, and 1 barev. fot., 10 čb. fot.