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Start Over Subject Zoologie Date Unknown

462. Poznámka k sezonní homochromii kněžice trávozelené

Creator:
Lubomír Hanel and Hanelová, Jana
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, fauna, zbarvení živočichů, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Crypsis is the ability of an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms, either by predation strategy or antipredator adaptation. Many animals have evolved to visually resemble their surroundings by changing their colour. These changes can be experimentally provoked by altering physical parameters (such as humidity) during the development of the nymphs, and also depend on the type of food they consume. This report illustrates coloration changes of the Green Shield Bug (Palomena prasina) during autumn, on specimens caught at the nearby town of Vlašim (Central Bohemia). We recorded the shortest time for the imagos to change color (from bright green to uniform brown) as nine days in an experimental insecta - rium. The rate of color change was influenced by air temperature. The brown colour is evidently an indicator of the diapause. and Lubomír Hanel, Jana Hanelová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

463. Poznámka k zásnubnímu chování užovky podplamaté

Creator:
Jiří Moravec
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, plazi, hadi, užovka, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
In suitable habitats the population density of the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) can be obviously higher than the density of other central European snakes. Under such conditions the Dice Snakes can form larger aggregations of mating individuals, in which male-male mating competition takes place. Dice Snake mating aggregations observed in the Ohře river valley are described and the mating strategy of males and female is discussed. Special attention is paid to mating in above-ground positions, e.g. on trees. and Jiří Moravec.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

464. Poznejte naše zobonosky

Creator:
Robert Stejskal and Trnka, Filip
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, hmyz, nosatcovití, listy rostlin, insects, Curculionid beetles, plant leaves, Česko, Czechia, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek představuje jednu skupinu nosatcovitých brouků – zobonosky čeledí Attelabidae a Rhynchitidae. Těžištěm výskytu těchto brouků jsou tropické oblasti, v ČR žije 29 druhů. Zobonosky jsou typické tvorbou různě utvářených smotků na listech rostlin sloužících k vývoji larev, některé druhy napadají plody, pupeny a větvičky. Většina druhů je vázána na lesní biotopy, dále sady, zahrady nebo louky., This paper introduces a group of curculionid beetles – the Leaf Rolling Weevils of the families Attelabidae and Rhynchitidae. Most species are known from tropical regions, while in the Czech Republic 29 species are recorded. These beetles create various kinds of leaf rolls for their larvae; some species develop in fruits, buds or branches. Most species are associated with forest habitats, but they also live in orchards, gardens and on meadows., and Robert Stejskal, Filip Trnka.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

465. Pozoruhodné námluvy našich slíďáků rodu Alopecosa

Creator:
Just, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, pavouci, rozmnožování (biologie), spiders, entomology, reproduction, Česko, Czechia, slíďáci, Alopecosa, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
There are 15 members of the Wolf Spiders genus Alopecosa in the Czech Republic, most of which are rare and stenoecious. Although they have been studied for a long time, we do not have much information about their biology and reproduction. Members of this genus show a large variability in courtship and copulatory behaviour., K zajímavým rodům slíďáků náleží rod Alopecosa, na území České republiky známe výskyt 15 druhů rodu. Ačkoli ojedinělé záznamy o biologii a taxonomii rodu máme sice už z 18. stol., jejich studium pokračuje zejména v dnešní době, kdy se do popředí dostává výzkum rozmnožování., and Pavel Just.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

466. Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a natural enemy of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Life table and intrinsic rate of population increase

Creator:
Lins jr., Juracy Caldeira, Bueno, Vanda Helena Paes, Silva, Diego Bastos, Sampaio, Marcus Vinicius, and van Lenteren, Joop C.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Aphididae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Braconidae, Praon volucre, parasitoid, fecundity, immature mortality, developmental time, biological control, intrinsic rate of population increase, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Life table data of natural enemies are often used to understand their population dynamics and estimate their potential role in the biological control of pests. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of several crops and its intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) is 0.282 at 22°C. The life table parameters (immature mortality, developmental time, sex ratio of emerging adults, fecundity and longevity) of Praon volucre (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) parasitizing M. euphorbiae were estimated in a climatic chamber at 22 ± 1°C, RH 70 ± 10% and 12 h photophase. Immature mortality was 8.2%, developmental time of males and females was 13.9 and 14.4 days, respectively, and the sex ratio was 0.55 (= fraction of females). Parasitoid fecundity was 504 eggs and longevity 11 days. The net rate of reproduction (R0) was 207.5 females and the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 0.281 females/female/day. The time for doubling the population (TD) was 2.45 weeks. P. volucre has a population growth rate similar to that of its host M. euphorbiae and might therefore be a good candidate for the biological control of this aphid. and Juracy Caldeira Lins jr., Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Diego Bastos Silva, Marcus Vinicius Sampaio, Joop C. van Lenteren.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

467. Prázdné ulity plžů a tajemství, která skrývají

Creator:
Niedobová, Jana, Hula, Vladimír, and Košulič, Ondřej
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, hmyz, bezobratlí, ulity, pavouci, insects, invertebrates, gastropod shells, spiders, Morava jižní (Česko), Moravia, Southern (Czechia), 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek shrnuje dosavadní znalosti o pavoucích zimujících v ulitách suchozemských plžů v České republice. Jde o dvě studie - jedna ze zimy 2008/2009 (2 448 prázdných ulit tří druhů suchozemských plžů: suchomilka obecná (Xerolenta obvia), páskovka žíhaná (Cepaea vindobonensis) a hlemýžď zahradní (Helix pomatia)). Druhá studie byla provedena v zimním období 2010/2011 (přes 30 000 ulit, stejné druhy jako v předchozích letech plus druhy: skalnice kýlnatá (Helicigona lapicida) a plamatka lesní (Arianta arbustorum)). Prozatím jsou souhrnně zpracována data z první studie, z druhé jsou v článku zmíněny pouze faunisticky významnější nálezy. Naše zjištění potvrzují nálezy ze zahraničí, že v ulitách přezimuje, často hojně, celá řada druhů pavouků, které považujeme za vzácné. Asi nejvýznamnější druhy jsou: skálovka šestitečná (Phaeocedus braccatus), snovačka pětitečná (Euryopis quinqueguttata), skákavka dvoutečná (Sitticus penicillatus), zápřednice Pennyova (Cheiracanthium pennyi), zápřednice karmínová (Ch. montanum) a další., This article summarises our knowledge of overwintering spiders in land snail shells in the Czech Republic. The results of two studies, based on the survey of more than 32 000 shells of 5 species, confirmed that many spider species considered rare actually overwinter in shells, often in large numbers. The most important records include Phaeocedus braccatus, Euryopis quin­queguttata, Sitticus penicillatus, Cheiracanthium pennyi and Ch. montanum., and Jana Niedobová, Vladimír Hula, Ondřej Košulič.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

468. Pre- and post-parturial aspects of scorpion reproduction: a review

Creator:
Warburg, Michael R.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Scorpiones, fertilization, insemination, gestation, parturition, birth, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Although scorpions are an ancient group their method of reproduction is rather complex and poorly studied. This review aims at clarifying some of the aspects of their reproduction that are important for understanding the reproductive ecology of other arthropods, including insects. The following aspects of scorpion reproduction are discussed and reviewed: mating, insemination, fertilization, gestation, parturition and birth. The onset of gestation and its duration are difficult to determine as both depend on the time of fertilization, for which there are no accurate estimates. There are only a few records of the time between birth and emergence of a larva from the maternal envelope in apoikogenic scorpions, which is important for a better understanding of ovoviviparity. All these questions are important as the answers will greatly enhance our understanding of the population ecology of scorpions in terms of the recruitment rates of cohorts and their chances of survival., Michael R. Warburg., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

469. Predation by Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Influence of prey age/size and predator's intraspecific interactions

Creator:
Durán Prieto, Juliana, Trotta, Vincenzo, Fanti, Paolo, Castañé, Cristina, and Battaglia, Donatella
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, polokřídlí, klopuškovití, mšicovití, Hemiptera, Miridae, Aphididae, Macrolophus pygmaeus, Acyrthosiphon pisum, pea aphid, polyphagous predator, prey selection, partial prey consumption, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important predator of pests of horticultural crops and here its ability as a predator of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is addressed for the first time. The percentage predation of the different aphid instars and the number partially consumed were studied. Our results, obtained using choice and no-choice tests, revealed that M. pygmaeus caught and consumed more young than later instars of A. pisum, which confirms results of previous studies using other species of aphids. We also studied the interactions between predators (male/female) foraging in the same patch. When the prey/predator ratio is kept constant at 10 : 1 the average percentage of aphids completely consumed by individual females or males does not change with increase in the number of foraging predators. However, the number of partially consumed aphids decreased when females shared the same patch. In contrast, there was an increase in the number of aphids partially consumed when two males shared the same patch. The results were discussed in terms of potential predator foraging strategies since intraspecific competition is a key factor modulating the dynamics of prey-predator systems., Juliana Durán Prieto, Vincenzo Trotta, Paolo Fanti, Cristina Castañé, Donatella Battaglia., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

470. Preference of larvae of Enallagma cyathigerum (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) for habitats of varying structural complexity

Creator:
Verdonschot, Ralf C.M. and Peeters, Edwin T.H.M
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Enallagma cyathigerum, habitat complexity, macroinvertebrate-macrophyte interaction, Zygoptera, phytomacrofauna, two-choice experiment, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
n macrophyte-rich lentic ecosystems, higher numbers of damselfly larvae occur in areas where there is structurally complex vegetation than in those where the plant architecture is relatively simple. Biotic interactions rather than morphological constraints are considered to underlie this pattern. We investigated whether the preference of the larvae of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum for a particular habitat was retained in absence of prey, predators and/or conspecifics. A series of laboratory choice experiments was conducted in which combinations of sediment and artificial plants differing in structural complexity were offered simultaneously to the larvae. Larvae preferred patches with structurally complex vegetation over patches with simply structured vegetation or lacking vegetation. Patches with simply structured vegetation were preferred over those with bare sediment, but the number of larvae showing a clear choice, which is regarded as an indication of the strength of the preference for a particular habitat, was relatively low compared to the number of individuals responding when complex vegetation was present. Based on the results presented, we conclude that the preference of E. cyathigerum larvae for structurally complex vegetation is independent of the presence of predators, prey or competitors. This suggests that this behaviour of the larvae is either learned or an innate response., Ralf C.M. Verdonschot, Edwin T.H.M. Peeters., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public