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492. Phylogeny of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acari: Prostigmata) based on their external morphology
- Creator:
- Skoracki, Maciej, Glowska, Eliza, and Bochkov, Andre V.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Acari, Prostigmata, Syringophilidae, quill mites, phylogeny, morphology, ectoparasites, birds, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1_External morphological characters were used to reconstruct a phylogeny of the mite family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Cheyletoidea), which are permanent parasites inhabiting the quills of bird feathers. A total of 53 syringophilid genera and 79 characters were included in the data matrix; maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses (BA) were performed to determine their phylogenetic relationships. The consensus of unweighted MP trees was weakly resolved. Only four generic groups were recognized: Aulonastus + Krantziaulonastus (i) and (Creagonycha + Kethleyana) + (Megasyringophilus + Selenonycha) (ii) – both with low Bremer support (BS 1); the subfamily Picobiinae – Picobia, Calamincola, Columbiphilus (Neopicobia + Rafapicobia) (BS 12) (iii) and Psittaciphilus generic group – (Meitingsunes + Psittaciphilus) (Peristerophila + (Neoperisterophila + (Castosyringophilus + Terratosyringophilus))) (BS 2) (iv). BA revealed a consensus tree with a topology similar to MP. The two main groups recognized by MP, the subfamily Picobiinae and Psittaciphilus, both received the highest support of 1; while two other groups recognized by MP – Aulonastus + Krantziaulonastus and (Creagonycha + Kethleyana) + (Megasyringophilus + Selenonycha) received relatively low support of 0.73–74 and 0.76–77, respectively., 2_The consensus of re-weighted MP trees was almost fully resolved but, the majority of the generic groups, excluding the Picobiinae and Psittaciphilus were supported by just a few non-unique synapomorphies with a high probability of homoplastic origin. The most intriguing result is the paraphyly of the Syringophilinae in respect to picobiines. The pattern of the re-weighted tree demonstrates only patches of parallel evolution at the level of syringophilid genera and bird orders. Perhaps horizontal shifts on phylogenetically distant hosts and colonization of quill (calamus) types other than primaries and secondaries were also important in the evolution of the syringophilids., Maciej Skoracki, Eliza Glowska, Andre V. Bochkov., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
493. Plachetnatka keřová - evropský pavouk roku 2014
- Creator:
- Milan Řezáč
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, hmyz, bezobratlí, pavoukovci, insects, invertebrates, arachnids, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Plachetnatky (čeleď Linyphiidae) jsou po skákavkách (Salticidae) druhově nejbohatší čeledí pavouků. V temperátních zónách, včetně České republiky, dokonce jde o pavoučí čeleď s největším počtem druhů. Jsou to lehcí pavouci, snadno a ochotně se šíří větrem. Jejich dobrá migrační schopnost je obzvlášť výhodná v mírných pásech, které musely být po každé době ledové znovu kolonizovány. Své české jméno dostaly plachetnatky podle lapací sítě - horizontálně upředené plachetky. Většina plachetnatek jsou drobné, nenápadně zbarvené druhy. Poměrně velká a pestře zbarvená plachetnatka keřová (Linyphia triangularis) představuje jednu z mála výjimek., The Common Hammock-Weaver is rather untypical member of the family Linyphiidae due to its large size and clear markings on the cephalothorax. It is found across a large part of the Palaearctic and occurs as a ‘generalist’ in damp forests, meadows, forest edges, parks and gardens. The web consists of a horizontal sheet and a network of loose ‘tripwires’. Mature examples of the species are found from August to October. Males show ‘mate guarding’ behaviour., and Milan Řezáč.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
494. Plant volatiles challenge inhibition by structural analogs of the sex pheromone in Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Creator:
- Sans, Albert, Morán, Miguel, Riba, Magí, Guerrero, Ángel, Roig, Jaume, and Gemeno, César
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, obalečovití, motýli, Tortricidae, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lobesia botrana, plant volatiles, inhibition, structural analogs, sex pheromone, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Plant volatiles can synergize the response to moth pheromone. Synthetic pheromone analogs, in turn, have the opposite effect in reducing pheromone attractiveness. To determine how these two types of stimuli interact and influence male moth behaviour, we performed wind tunnel experiments on the grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana. We noticed that a blend of host plant volatiles [(E)-β-caryophyllene, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-octen-3-ol in a 100:20:10:5 ratio] significantly increased the response of males to an optimized blend of sex pheromone [(7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dienyl acetate (E7,Z9-12:Ac), (7E,9Z)- dodeca-7,9-dienol (E7,Z9-12:OH) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac)] in a 100:10:2 ratio. However, the response of males to the natural attractant was significantly reduced by two analogs [(9E,11Z)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-2-one (MK 2) and [(9E,11Z)-1,1,1-trifluoro-tetradeca-9,11-dien-2-one (TFMK 3)], of the major component of the sex pheromone of the insect (E7,Z9-12:Ac). When both stimuli were tested on males at pheromone:analog:plant volatile blend 1:100:1000 ratio, the plant blend offset the inhibitory effect induced by TFMK 3 but not that of MK 2. Our results show for the first time that under laboratory conditions plant volatiles can prevent inhibition by a pheromone analog., Albert Sans, Miguel Morán, Magí Riba, Ángel Guerrero, Jaume Roig, César Gemeno., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
495. Po stopách zvířat a zvěře v písemných pramenech Dalbergů /
- Creator:
- Marešová, Dana
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Dalbergové (rod), rody šlechtické, zámky, myslivost, prameny písemné, české země 1792-1918, and zemědělství, rybníkářství, lesnictví, myslivost
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the Footsteps of the Animals and Game in the Written Sources of the Dalbergs.
- Rights:
- unknown
496. Pocta životnímu dílu /
- Creator:
- Hachler, Emil M.,
- Type:
- text and články jubilejní
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Zavřel, Jan,, zoologové, vědy o živé přírodě, české země 1848-1918, and Československo 1918-1945
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jan Zavřel pětašedesátníkem
- Rights:
- unknown
497. Pohledy do říše živočišné: výklady o životě v moři i na souši, nynějším i zašlém
- Creator:
- Bohumil Bauše
- Publisher:
- Zemský ústřední spolek Jednot učitelských v Království českém
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 155 s. : il. ; 25 cm
- Type:
- text, volume, handbook, populárně-naučné publikace, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, živá příroda, přírodní vědy, zvířata, parazitičtí živočichové, 502.211, 5, 592/599, 591.69, (0.062), 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Bohumil Bauše and Obsahuje rejstřík
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
498. Pollination of Sedirea japonica (Orchidaceae) by Bombus diversus diversus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
- Creator:
- Suetsugu, Kenji and Tanaka, Koji
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus, bumblebee, orchid, Sedirea japonica, pollinator, Xylocopa, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pollination of Sedirea japonica (Orchidaceae) by Bombus diversus diversus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Kenji Suetsugu, KOji Tanaka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
499. Polygalacturonase gene expression and enzymatic activity in salivary glands of laboratory reared and wild populations of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae)
- Creator:
- Fleming, Daniel, Krishnan, Natraj, and Musser, Fred
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, polokřídlí, klopuškovití, bavlna, genová exprese, slinné žlázy, Hemiptera, Miridae, cotton, gene expression, salivary glands, Lygus lineolaris, polygalacturonase, enzyme activity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) (tarnished plant bug) is a serious pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Delta region as compared to cotton in the Hills region of the state of Mississippi in USA. The reason for this is unclear but it was hypothesized that the plant cell wall degrading polygalacturonase enzyme system in the salivary glands of L. lineolaris from the Delta could be better adapted for cotton, which is grown more predominantly in the Delta region than in the Hills region. Expression analysis of three primary polygalacturonase genes (LlPG1, LlPG2 and LlPG3) was conducted in laboratory reared and field collected populations of L. lineolaris. Assay of polygalacturonase enzyme activity was also conducted to compare wild collected populations. Initial laboratory and field data revealed gene expression differences in sex, age, region, and host plant which guided the direction of our subsequent study during 2013 and 2014. Based on the results of this study, we propose that the three genes studied may not be reflective of the entire polygalacturonase enzyme system and may not be solely responsible for the observed adaptation of L. lineolaris to cotton in the Delta region than in the Hills region. Analyses also revealed that the expression of the three targeted polygalacturonase genes was affected by the host plant from which the insects were collected and that adults had higher polygalacturonase expression than nymphs. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for developmental stage specific and host plant based change in expression of PG genes in the salivary glands of L. lineolaris. This, however, was not reflected in total polygalacturonase enzyme activity which was not significantly different between regions, hosts, sex, or developmental stage., Daniel Fleming, Natraj Krishnan, Fred Musser., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
500. Polyphagous predatory rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) induce winged morphs in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
- Creator:
- Balog, Adalbert, Mehrparvar, Mohsen, and Weisser, Woflgang W.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Staphylinidae, Drusilla canaliculata, Tachyporus hypnorum, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, aphid polyphenism, predator-prey interaction, rove beetles, maternal effects, induced defence, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A number of aphid species have been shown to produce winged dispersal morphs in the presence of natural enemies. Previous studies tested specialized aphid predators such as ladybirds or lacewing larvae. We confronted colonies of pea aphids with the polyphagous rove beetles, Drusilla canaliculata and Tachyporus hypnorum. For both predators we found that the percentage of winged morphs increased in predator-attacked pea aphid colonies compared to a control. The behaviour of the two rove beetles species was noticeably different. D. canaliculata mostly foraged on the ground and rarely on the plant, while T. hypnorum was almost exclusively observed on the plants, causing a higher number of aphids to drop to the ground, which resulted in a stronger increase in winged morph production. Our results clearly show that not only monophagous aphid predators but also more polyphagous insect predators, which include aphids in their diet, can induce aphids to produce winged morphs., Adalbert Balog, Mohsen Mehrparvar, Wolfgang W. Weisser., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public