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514. S ptáky se mohou stěhovat i plži - pěnice hnědokřídlá a skleněnka průsvitná

Creator:
Ivan Literák
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, ptáci, plži, migrace živočichů, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Our observations of the Small Land Snail Vitrina pellucida attached to the plumage of the Common Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) provide a further evidence of passive land snail dispersal by birds over long distances. and Ivan Literák a kol.
Rights:
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515. Saprinosternus nom. n., a new replacement name for Alienosternus Lackner, 2016 (Coleoptera: Histeridae), non Alienosternus Martins, 1976 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Creator:
Tomáš Lackner
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, mršníkovití, homonyma, beetles, Histeridae, homonyms, Coleoptera, Saprininae, Saprinosternus, Alienosternus, nomenclature, new replacement name, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The subgenus Alienosternus Lackner, 2016 of the genus Phoxonotus Marseul, 1862 (Coleoptera: Histeridae), described in Eur. J. Entomol. 113: 240-258, is a junior homonym of Alienosternus Martins, 1976 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and is hereby replaced by Saprinosternus nom. n. The status of the single known type specimens of Phoxonotus suturalis Lewis, 1907, P. lectus Lewis, 1902 and P. venustus (Erichson, 1834) (assumed to be holotypes in Lackner, 2016) is clarified., Tomáš Lackner., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

516. Scorpion reproductive strategies, allocation and potential; a partial review

Creator:
Warburg, Michael R.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Scorpiones, reproductive strategies, reproductive allocation, reproductive potential, litter size, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Most scorpion species are iteroparous, breeding more than once during their life. Some of these species are parthenogenetic. The other reproductive strategy (RS) semelparity, when scorpions breed only a single time during their life, is rare and has been documented only once. The mass allocated by the female to produce either a litter or a single offspring is the reproductive allocation (RA). It is difficult to calculate RA since the difference in female mass before and after parturition is difficult to obtain. In addition, the litter size is hardly ever accurate because of maternal cannibalism. An attempt was made to calculate RA in Nebo hierichonticus (E. Simon, 1872). Based on litter size, on breeding frequency and on longevity of the female, it is possible to estimate the reproductive potential (RP). These aspects of scorpion reproduction are reviewed and the difficulties involved in this study are discussed. and Michael R. Warburg.
Rights:
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517. Seasonal constraints on the mandible allometry of Lucanus cervus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Creator:
Hardersen, Sönke, Macagno, Anna L. M., Sacchi, Roberto, and Toni, Ilaria
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Allometry, Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucanus cervus, mandibles, season, size, time constraints, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
In insects, allometries of exaggerated traits such as horns or mandibles are often considered species specific and constant during a season. However, given that constraints imposed by the advancing season affect the developmental processes of organisms, these allometries may not be fixed, and the switch point between morphs may vary between populations and within populations during a season. The hypothesis of such a seasonal variation in exaggerated traits was tested using the dimorphic males of the beetle Lucanus cervus. The remains of specimens killed by predators were collected along forest tracks from mid May to late August 2008 in a protected lowland forest in northern Italy. The largest beetles were collected in mid May and average size thereafter decreased. Males collected early in the season mostly had large mandibles (i.e. they belonged to the major morph). In contrast, late in the season the probability of finding males with large mandibles was very low. The threshold body size determining morph expression also shifted during the season. Early in the season, the threshold pronotum width for a 50% chance of developing into the major morph was 1.74 cm, whereas later in the season it was 1.90 cm. This shift in the threshold body size was interpreted as the effect of phenotypic plasticity in a population exposed to constraints imposed by the advancing season. and Sönke Hardersen, Anna L.M. Macagno, Roberto Sacchi, Ilaria Toni.
Rights:
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518. Seasonal cues mediate host behaviour modification and cocoon polymorphism in Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Creator:
Luo, Shu-Ping, Michaud, J.P., Li, Jian-Cheng, Zhang, Jing, Liu, Xiao-Xia, and Zhang, Qing-Wen
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microplitis mediator, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Mythimna separata, photoperiod, host behaviour, pupation site selection, cocoon polymorphism, temperature, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the pupation behaviour of the parasitoid, Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitizing larvae of Mythimna separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A combination of long photoperiod (14 + h L) and warm temperatures (20–24°C) caused parasitized caterpillars to climb to upper plant parts where the parasitoid produced a green, non-diapausing cocoon on a green leaf, initially retaining the dying caterpillar host as a protective covering. In contrast, short photoperiod (8–10 h L) and low temperature (16–18°C) induced host caterpillars to descend the plant where the parasitoid produced a brown, diapausing cocoon either hanging by silk from a senescing leaf or simply lying on the soil, but without any continued association with the host. These findings illustrate the potential for seasonal environmental cues to simultaneously mediate diapause induction, cocoon polymorphism, and alternate forms of host behaviour modification in a hymenopterous parasitoid., Shu Ping Luo ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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519. Seasonal occurrence and biological parameters of the common green lacewing predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Creator:
Fatemeh, Kazemi and Mehrnejad, Mohammad Reza
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Chrysopidae, lacewings, Chrysoperla lucasina, Psylloidea, Agonoscena pistaciae, pistachio psylla, population density, weeds, intrinsic rate of increase, theoretical threshold, food consumption, biological control, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Species in the carnea complex of the common green lacewing are predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae in both cultivated pistachio plantations and on wild pistachio plants in Iran. The seasonal occurrence of common green lacewings was monitored in pistachio orchards from 2007 to 2008. In addition, the effect of different temperature regimes on preimaginal development, survival and prey consumption of the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla lucasina fed on A. pistaciae nymphs were studied under controlled conditions. The adults of common green lacewings first appeared on pistachio trees in mid April and were most abundant in early July, decreased in abundance in summer and increased again in October. The relative density of common green lacewings was higher in pistachio orchards where the ground was covered with herbaceous weeds than in those without weeds. In the laboratory females of C. lucasina laid an average of 1085 eggs over 60 days at 22.5°C. The maximum prey consumption occurred at 35°C when the larvae consumed 1812 fourth instar psyllid nymphs during their larval period. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.11. The total development (egg-adult) required 385 degree-days above the theoretical lower developmental threshold of 9.6°C. and Fatemeh KAZEMI, Mohammad Reza MEHRNEJAD.
Rights:
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520. Seasonal polyphenism in body size and juvenile development of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Creator:
Komata, Shinya and Sota, Teiji
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, otakárkovití, butterflies, Papilionidae, Papilio xuthus, seasonal polyphenism, body size variation, adaptive growth decision, protandry, temperature-size rule, time constraint, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Seasonal polyphenism in adults may be a season-specific adaptation of the adult stage and/or a by-product of adaptive plasticity of the juvenile stages. The swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus L. exhibits seasonal polyphenism controlled by photoperiod. Adults emerging in spring from pupae that spend winter in diapause have smaller bodies than adults emerging in summer from pupae that do not undergo diapause. Pupal diapause is induced by short-day conditions typical of autumn. To explore the interactive effects of temperature and developmental pathways on the variation in adult body size in P. xuthus, we reared larvae at two temperatures (20°C, 25°C) under two photoperiods (12L : 12D and 16L : 8D). Pupal weight and adult forewing length were greater in the generation that did not undergo diapause and were greater at 25°C than at 20°C. Thus, body size differences were greatest between the individuals that were reared at the longer day length and higher temperature and did not undergo diapause and those that were reared at the shorter day length and lower temperature and did undergo diapause. Unlike in other Lepidoptera, larvae of individuals that undergo diapause had shorter developmental times and higher growth rates than those that did not undergo diapause. This developmental plasticity may enable this butterfly to cope with the unpredictable length of the growing season prior to the onset of winter. Our results indicate that there are unexplored variations in the life history strategy of multivoltine Lepidoptera., Shinya Komata, Teiji Sota., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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