Precise relative gravimeters achieve the internal precision about a few μGal 1, even in field conditions. Nevertheless this precision is in fact concerned with the instant of measurement and can not be confused with the accuracy of the gravity at the gravity station, which is influenced by other effects. The best approach of these two values is question of high-quality elimination of instrumental errors and time-variable disturbing effects affecting the relative gravity measurements., Martin Lederer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Clays (2005) and the Handbook of Clay Science (2006) are new textbooks. Clays, written by Alain Meunier, is for those studying earth sciences. The Handbook of Clay Science, edited by Faїza Bergaya, Benny Theng and Gerhard Lagaly, is concerned particularly with the industrial application of clay mineral science. Both books ar e timely and could fill important gaps in the library of mineral science. Their quality as textbooks is discussed. Critical an alysis of editorial accuracy, indexes and user-friendliness indic ate that both books fall short of the high standards that should be the hallmark of academic publication. Their shortcomings seem to be related to widespread problems that may beset commercial publica tion of scientific books., Christopher V. Jeans., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
We investigated how the sampling process of microhistological faeces analysis could be optimised for an accurate estimation. Spring diet composition of European hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) was determined in a juniper shrubland at Bugac, Hungary. Both inter and intraobserver reliability was high permitting us to separate the components of variance due to the methodological steps in the faeces analysis. Estimates varied depending on the number of independent droppings, pellets/individual, subsamples/pellet and epidermis/subsample. The variance was much higher among than within the independent pellet groups. The cumulative frequency estimate stabilised at around 100 epidermis fragments per pellet. We conclude that the most critical steps of the sampling procedure are the collection of independent droppings and the identification of a sufficient number of epidermis fragments. We propose to collect at least 10 independent droppings, one pellet/individual, and analyse 100 epidermis fragments as an optimum for estimating the relative frequency of forage classes reliably. The importance of the individual variability in the diet should be emphasised.
Digitization of periosteal and endosteal contours of bone cross section is one of several methods used for calculating long bone cross-sectional geometry (CSG). In this study, invasively obtained bone histological samples were used to calculate intra-observer measurement error for CSG parameters. Intra-observer error was measured based upon repeated measurements of cross-sectional areas (total area [TA], cortical area [CA]) and moments of area (Imax, Imin, Imax/Imin, J) in B6CBA mice (n = 17). Cross sections were cut at 50 % of the biomechanical length of the left tibia and the samples were further processed for CSG and histological analysis. Intra-observer error was measured to estimate the accuracy of the digitization method. Accuracy of the tested digitization method was expressed by mean difference (MD), mean absolute difference (MAD), and limits of agreement (LA). The results confirm our assumption that intra-observer error decreases with the number of repeated measurement events. Thus, the error can be minimized by acquiring experience in the section digitizing. Our results also show that TA, CA and polar moment of area (J) are more susceptible to intra-observer error than are Imax, Imin and Imax/Imin.
Studie je věnována zkoumání přesnosti regionálních stereotypů založenému na porovnání stereotypních charakteristik s vlastnostmi reálných lidí. Vztahovým rámcem pro oba druhy posuzování je pětifaktorový model (PFM) obsahující pět obecných dimenzí osobnosti. 945 vysokoškolských studentů z různých částí ČR posuzovalo typického Čecha, Moravana, Slezana a sebe sama na škálách National Character Survey (NCS) obsahujících 30 dílčích vlastností z pětifaktorového modelu osobnosti. Stereotypní a reálné profily osobnostních vlastností byly porovnávány pomocí vnitrotřídních korelací (ICC). Hlavním cílem studie je stanovení míry shody mezi profilem stereotypních vlastností a profilem osobnostních vlastností reálných lidí žijících na území Čech, Moravy a Slezska. Regionální stereotypy byly porovnány také s profily národních stereotypů pěti středoevropských zemí s cílem přispět do diskuse o faktorech a mechanismech podílejících se na vzniku a šíření stereotypů. Výsledky analýz ukázaly, že posuzovatelé pocházející z různých částí ČR se v percepci regionálních stereotypů shodují. Regionální stereotypy jsou nepřesné, neboť nekorespondují s posouzením reálných lidí žijících v těchto regionech. Profily stereotypních vlastností Čecha, Moravana a Slezana se neshodují. Stereotyp Moravana se vymezuje vůči stereotypu Čecha a dochází k zrcadlení osobnostních vlastností. V některých charakteristikách, v nichž je typickému Moravanovi přisuzována vysoká míra dané vlastnosti, má typický Čech nízkou míru této vlastnosti a naopak. Ze srovnání regionálních a národních stereotypů vyplývá, že na jejich vytváření může mít vliv ekonomická prosperita a bohatství nebo geografická blízkost regionů/národů., Objectives. The research deals with accuracy and consistency of regional stereotypes (a typical Bohemian, Moravian, Czech Silesian). The five-factor model of personality was used as a framework for ratings of regional stereotypes and self-reports. Subjects and setting. Altogether, 945 university students (79 % women) rated personality characteristics of a typical inhabitant of three regions in the Czech Republic as well as their personality characteristics on National Character Survey (NCS). In addition 186 social scientists provided self-reports on NCS. On NCS 2.241 university students form Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Slovakia rated national auto- and heterostereotypes. Hypothesis. When the same method for assessing stereotypical and real people traits is used, stereotypes are moderately related with personality traits of real people. Statistical analysis. Profile agreement was calculated as an intraclass correlation (ICC) across the 30 NCS facets, using the double-entry method. Results. In consistency of regional stereotypes,high agreement in ratings of a typical Moravian and Bohemian, and average agreement for rating typical Silesian were found. The comparison of regional stereotypes with self-reports of real people from the corresponding region revealed no convergence. Personality traits of a typical Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian bore no resemblance. Concerning formation of regional stereotypes, we found mirroring or polarization of stereotypical traits in stereotypical profiles of typical Moravian and Bohemian. In several traits, a typical Moravian mirrors personality traits of a typical Bohemian. Regional stereotypes correspond with national stereotypes of neighboring countries. Economical prosperity or wealth and geographical closeness of regions/nations thus could play a role in stereotype formation and sharing. Study limitations. The present study was based on com, Martina Hřebíčková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury