The Algatech Centre, which is a scientific division of the Institute of Microbiology of the CAS located in the Opatovický mlýn (mill) near Třeboň in South Bohemia, focuses on the research of photosynthetic microorganisms, including algae, cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. The Laboratory of algal biotechnology studies processes and technology involved in the efficient production of algae and the use of algal biomass. It seeks new bio-active compounds in algae to be used as dietary supplements, in pharmacology and biomedicine. Scientists also carry our research into various metabolites of cyanobacteria and their effects on human cells. Special interest is paid to substances inhibiting the division of cancer cells and/or selectively inducing their apoptosis. The Laboratory of anoxygenic phototrophs is engaged in the basic research of evolutionary very old prokaryotes containing photosynthetic reaction centres composed of bacteriochlorophyll and its researchers have recently discovered an entirely new photosynthetic species - a new family of phototrophic bacteria, i.e. bacteria capable of producing energy through photosynthesis. Only three new families of phototrophic bacteria were discovered over the past 100 years.The Laboratory of cell cycles of algae aims at gaining a deeper insight into molecular mechanisms regulating the specific cells cycle in green algae hat divide by multiple fission - that is divide into more than two daughter cells. Scientists´ objective is to leam more about the regulation of cell size and division, the activity of cyclin dependant kinase and cyclin dependant kinase complexes throughout the normal cell cycle as well as their role in the cell cycle interruption in case of DNA damage. The pattern of cell cycle progression in algae can also tell us more about animal embryos, since the early phases of their growth and development are controlled by similar principles as those in green algae., The Laboratory of photosynthesis studies fundamental biochemical and molecular mechanisms regarding photosynthesis, the ways of its regulation during the day or under specific stress conditions. Special attention is paid particularly to photosystem II and researchers in the laboratory have recently made a significant step towards understanding its biogenesis. Photosystem II is a complicated protein complex present in the cells of plants, algae and cyanobacteria, the proper functioning of which is essential for photosynthesis. Research teams from the Algatech centre, together with colleagues from British universities have described the first phases of photosystem II synthesis, namely the mechanism by which chlorophyll molecules are inserted into core proteins of photosystem IIand how the functional core of this complex is assembled. Moreover, they have recently presented a substantially new view of repair mechanisms of photosystem II and the ways of recognition of its damaged protein subunits that have to be degraded and replaced. Deepening the understanding of fundamental processes in algae, cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria can help use their potential in many practical applications, from biomass and biofuels to medicine., and Jana Olivová.
This paper presents biological notes on two species of Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae that emerged from old spongy-woody galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 collected in Sicily (Italy) in April 2015: Leptophyes sicula Kleukers, Odé et Fontana, 2010 (Phaneropterinae) and Cyrtaspis scutata (Charpentier, 1825) (Meconematinae). Between the end of April and the first few days of May a total of 30 neanids emerged from the galls, were reared and their life-cycle recorded. While L. sicula laid eggs in groups, C. scutata laid single eggs inside the galls; both species in a few years have adapted to exploiting this new shelter for egg laying. No interaction with the gall inducing insect was noted., Giuliano Cerasa, Bruno Massa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic distances and their relationships among pepper species using photosynthetic features under different stresses and genetic variability. The photosynthetic features under drought, waterlogging and
low-temperature stresses, rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear genome and trnH-psbA sequence of chloroplast genome of 25 varieties from 5 pepper species Capsicum annuum L. (CA), Capsicum baccatum L. (CB), Capsicum chinense Jacquin. (CC), Capsicum frutescens L. (CF) and Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pavon (CP) were analyzed and used to construct the dendrograms. The results showed the photosynthetic rate of different pepper species could be greatly but differentially decreased by stresses. For example, CB and CF had the smallest and the highest decrease to drought, CC had the highest decrease to waterlogging, and CP had the smallest decrease to low temperature. The ITS sequences of 25 pepper varieties are 591-619 bp in length and have GC% between 51.1% and 64.5%. Their trnH-psbA sequences are 537-558 bp in length and have GC% between 27.2% and 28.5%. The cluster analysis of the five pepper species based on the changes in PN under stresses is similar to that based on genetic variability, that is, CP clusters with CB, and CC clusters with CA after first clusters with CF. In addition, the clustering methods based on the photosynthetic stress responses and genetic variability are unable to completely distinguish pepper varieties within the same species. The results indicate that similarly to genetic variability, changes in PN under stresses (specifically the stress corresponding to the climate of plant’s original habitat) could be used to identify genetic distance of pepper species., L. J. Ou and X. X. Zou., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tuková tkáň je endokrinní orgán produkující početné cytokiny. Změna v jejich regulacích může být příčinou patologických pochodů u obézních jedinců. Význam tukové tkáně ve vztahu k diabetu a ateroskleróze je intenzivně studován., Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces numerous cytokines. Their dysregulations cause morbidity in obese individuals. The importance of this tissue in relation to diabetes and atherosclerosis is the subject of intense research., and Ilja Trebichavský, Petr Šíma.