In this paper we explore the impact of the economic recession of 2008 on gender inequality in the labour force in Central and Eastern European countries. We argue that job and occupational segregation protected women’s employment more than men’s in the CEE region as well, but unlike in more developed capitalist economies, women’s level of labour force participation declined and their rates of poverty increased during the crisis years. We also explore gender differences in opinions on the impact of the recession on people’s job satisfaction. For our analysis we use published data from EUROSTAT and our own calculations from EU SILC and ESS 2010., Beáta Nagy, Éva Fodor., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
There is a sharp discrepancy between the emphasis being placed on active ageing and labour market participation in older age and the high unemployment rates observed among older workers. Cross-sectional data in the Czech Republic consistently present evidence of job insecurity and employment vulnerability in older age groups. Aggregated data and statistical indices do not, however, offer a sufficiently detailed picture of the social processes (e.g. exit from the labour market, duration of unemployment, and exit from unemployment) behind the numbers. This article takes a dynamic look at the position of older workers in the labour market by investigating transitions between employment and unemployment using a sub-sample of older workers (50 year and over) from the Czech EU-SILC, who were interviewed repeatedly in a panel survey between 2004 and 2009. The authors use survival analysis methods to study the time-dependence of transitions into and out of unemployment and both with and without covariates. The results suggest that older workers are not at a higher risk of exiting the labour market (compared to other age groups), but once they are unemployed, their odds of getting back into employment are significantly lower. Even when controls (such as education level) are included in the model this disadvantage persists. Interestingly, while education generally protects people from labour market exit, this protective effect is weaker among older workers.
Text se zaměřuje na vybrané aspekty implementace tzv. sankční směrnice Evropské unie (2009/52/ES), jejímž hlavním záměrem bylo zavedení sankcí vůči zaměstnavatelům, kteří využívají práci nelegálně pobývajících státních příslušníků třetích zemí. Směrnice současně zavedla nová opatření, která
dávají těmto imigrantům do rukou právní nástroje obrany pro případ, že se domáhají nezaplacené mzdy vůči zaměstnavatelům. Jaké jsou překážky pro využívání těchto nástrojů v praxi? Jaké jsou nedostatky implementace sankční směrnice v českém právním řádu? Článek si také všímá toho, že jedním z důsledků legislativy Evropské unie, plynoucích ze svobody pohybu, je výhodnější postavení státních příslušníků třetích zemí, kteří se domáhají nezaplacené mzdy, oproti českým nelegálně pracujícím občanům. and The text focuses on selected aspects in implementation of the European Union Sanctions Directive (2009/52/EC), whose principal focus was to introduce sanctions against employers working with illegally residing third country nationals. At the same time, it introduces new measures that provide such immigrants with remedy in situations in which they claim unpaid wages against their employers. What are the practical obstacles in using new tools in their implementation? What are the gaps in implementation of the directive into Czech legal order? The text also takes note of the fact that the one of the (unwanted?) results of the European Union legislation stemming from freedom of movement, is more the favourable treatment of third country nationals claiming unpaid wages, as compared to Czech nationals, who also work illegally. Is this the desired outcome, or should the legislator have used a wider „margin of appreciation“?
The article focuses on the development of the labour market in the Czech Republic from the perspective of employment and unemployment between 1998 and 2004. Using data from the Czech Statistical Office, and within a reference framework of EU countries, the authors discuss and analyse the factors that determine unemployment and employment in Czech society. The authors use latent logistic regression to verify the assumption that the odds of unemployment are not evenly distributed across the entire Czech population and to identify three segments of the labour market in the Czech Republic. In each of these three segments the employment and unemployment odds differ, and the factors that determine these odds function differently in each segment.
This article focuses on the situation of parents of children aged 0-7 in the Czech labour market according to findings from the Labour Force Survey in 2007. The author discusses the model of changes to the economic position of parents typical for the Czech Republic and shows that mainly mothers are affected by the interruption to labour market participation. They found a strong homogeneity of preferences for home care until a child reaches the age of 3, a fact that could also be influenced by structural/institutional conditions. Working mothers of smaller children are significantly at risk of unemployment and at risk of being required to work on a fixed-term contract, and they have a smaller chance of reaching management positions. Fathers are not affected as much by parenthood, but they are more at risk of having to working long hours and evenings. Some of the results (especially on mothers’ unemployment) require further research and political attention., Ondřej Hora., 2 grafy, 6 tabulky, and Obsahuje bibliografii