BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
Úvod: Je uváděno, že prevalence neurodegenerativních onemocnění v malých evropských komunitách izolovaných od okolí je vyšší ve srovnání s běžnou populací. Tentýž jev jsme pozorovali v malém, relativně izolovaném regionu jihovýchodní Moravy. Cíl: Zjištění prevalence neurodegenerativního parkinsonizmu v izolovaném regionu jihovýchodní Moravy. Metodika: Byla použita metoda třífázového vyšetření. V první fázi byly do ordinací praktických lékařů distribuovány dotazníky, které byly vyplněny všemi pacienty, kteří se z jakéhokoliv důvodu dostavili v průběhu tří měsíců do ordinace praktického lékaře. Ve druhé fázi byly u pozitivních respondentů příznaky parkinsonizmu objektivizovány vyšetřením edukovaným ambulantním neurologem. Ve třetím stupni byli respondenti, u kterých byly při skríningovém vyšetření příznaky parkinsonizmu objektivizovány, přijati k detailnímu vyšetření za hospitalizace v terciárním centru pro diagnostiku a léčbu neurodegenerativních onemocnění. Výsledky: Celková prevalence parkinsonizmu v populaci starší 50 let byla 2,8 % (95% CI: 2,2-3,4); prevalence v populaci 50-64 let byla 1,9 % (95% CI: 1,2-2,5); a v populaci nad 65 let byla 4,06 % (95% CI: 2,9-5,1). Byly získány tři velké rodokmeny s patrnou autozomálně dominantní dědičností parkinsonizmu. Závěr: Zjištěná prevalence byla překvapivě vysoká a podstatně odlišná od hodnot prevalence publikovaných v jiných evropských zemích. Vzhledem k charakteristice regionu je předpokládán vliv genetických faktorů. Současný výzkum je zaměřen na genetické pozadí a DNA analýzu probandů z rodokmenů, ve kterých byla identifikována autozomálně dominantní dědičnost parkinsonizmu. Klíčová slova: parkinsonism – neuroepidemiology – prevalence studies – three-stage ascertainment method – inheritance Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do biomedicínských časopisů., Introduction: It has been suggested that the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases in small, isolated European communities might be higher than in the general population. We recently observed this phenomenon in a small specific region of south-eastern Moravia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of neurodegenerative parkinsonism in an isolated region with a rural population in south-eastern Moravia. Methods: A three-stage method of data collection was used. In the first phase, originally designed questionnaires were distributed to general practitioners and completed by all patients who visited them for any reason during a three-month period. In the second phase, positive responders were examined by trained primary care neurologists. Finally, the diagnosis was confirmed or excluded by a movement disorders specialist. Results: The overall prevalence in the population older than 50 years of age was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.2-3.4); the prevalence in the population from 50 to 64 years was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.2-2.5), and it was 4.06% (95% CI: 2.9-5.1) in the population over 65 years of age. Three large families with an autosomal-dominant inheritance patterns of parkinsonism were identified. Conclusions: The prevalence rates were surprisingly high; they substantially differed from the published prevalence rates in other European countries. Due to the characteristics of the region, we expected a particular impact of genetic factors, most probably the autosomal-dominant inheritance of parkinsonism. Our current research focusses on the genetic background and DNA analysis of probands from the families in which autosomal-dominant parkinsonism was identified., and K. Menšíková, P. Kaňovský, P. Otruba, M. Kaiserová, M. Vaštík, P. Hluštík, L. Mikulicová, T. Bartoníková, P. Dudová, P. Jugas, J. Ovečka, L. Šachová, F. Dvorský, J. Krša, M. Godava, R. Vodička, R. Vrtěl, M. Bareš, V. Janout
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán