This text analyses the construction of gender relations in the state-socialist societies, namely the former Czechoslovakia. Main source of findings about these relations are sociological interpretations of ''gender under communism'' written predominately for Western audiences after 1989. I propose several theoretical concepts suitable for understanding of the topic, including ''gender order'', ''patriarchy'', ''communist subject'' and ''social organization of masculinity''. On the basis of the texts mentioned above I distinguish between two important processes of the construction of state socialist gender order, which I call ''the unfinished project of women's emancipation'' and the ''changed public and private spheres''. Then I turn my attention to locating position of men in the state-socialist gender order. To understand the ''patriarchy of the state socialist type'' I find it useful to recognize several types of relations between different groups of men as included in Robert Connell's concept of ''social organization of masculinity'': hegemony, subordination, complicity and marginalization. I recognize subordination as the dominant form of masculinity in state-socialist society.