Subject: interrupce - LINDAT/CLARIAH-CZ Catalog Search Results

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4. Eugenics and Female Embodiment in Czechoslovak Public Campaigns during the 1960s and 1970s /

Creator:: Šmidt, Viktorija Rudol'fovna
Type:: text and studie
Subject:: Gynekologie. Porodnictví, ženy, antikoncepce, eugenika, politika populační, interrupce, Československo 1945-1992, ženská otázka, rodina, děti, životní úroveň, and dějiny zdravotnictví, lékaři
Language:: English
Description:: Eugenika a ztělesnění ženy v československých veřejných kampaních šedesátých a sedmdesátých let 20. století.
Rights:: unknown

5. Hodnota lidského života

Creator:: Černý, David
Type:: article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:: John Harris, hodnota života, osoba, vědomí, interrupce, and infanticida
Language:: Czech
Description:: Jaká je hodnota života, či poněkud specifičtěji, jaká je hodnota lidského života? Podle nauky o posvátnosti lidského života má každý lidský život svou vnitřní hodnotu, tato teorie však v současné bioetice rozhodně nepředstavuje ortodoxii. John Harris je jedním ze zastánců nové teorie hodnoty lidského života (především ve své publikaci The Value of Life), podle níž jsou vnitřně hodnotné pouze osoby. Osoby se definují jako bytosti - lidského či jiného druhu - schopné vyšších kognitivních funkcí, které díky tomu mohou hodnotit svůj vlastní život (vědomí sebe sama je nutnou podmínkou osoby) a mohou si přát dále žít. Hlavním cílem této kritické studie je zhodnocení Harrisových argumentů. V první části se odhaluje obecná logická struktura jeho argumentace a zdůrazňují se její důsledky pro některá témata současné bioetiky (interrupce, infanticida, eutanazie). V druhé části práce se odhalují nedostatky Harrisova myšlení. Ukazuje se, že jeho argumentace je kruhová, předpokládá teorii, kterou se snaží odvodit. Studie uzavírá, že Harrisova teorie hodnoty lidského života je nesprávná a nevhodná pro současnou bioetickou diskusi. and What is the value of life? Or more specifically, what is the value of human life? According to the doctrine of the sanctity of human life, all human beings are intrinsically valuable, but this theory is far from being orthodoxy in current bioethics. John Harris is one of the advocates of the new theory of the value of human life (mainly in his book The Value of Life), according to which intrinsically valuable are only persons. Persons are beings -human or not--capable of higher mental functions that consequently can value their own life (self-consciousness is a necessary condition for personhood) and can have the desire to go on living.The overall aim of this critical study is to go into Harris's arguments in some depth. In the first part the general logical structure of Harris's argumentation is put forward and its consequences for current bioethical issues (abortion, infanticide, euthanasia) are pointed up. In the second part two fatal flaws of Harris's thoughts are exposed. It is showed that his argumentation is circular, it presupposes theory it aims to develop. The article concludes by stating that as fatally flawed, Harris's theory of the value of human life is unjustified and inadequate for dealing with current bioethical issues.
Rights:: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Interrupce v socialistickém Československu z foucaultovské perspektivy

Creator:: Radka Dudová
Format:: print, bez média, and svazek
Type:: model:article and TEXT
Subject:: interrupce, reprodukční práva, abortion, reproductive rights, body, governmentality, 18, and 316
Language:: Czech
Description:: The right to end an unwanted pregnancy as an integral part of the full citizenship of women has been influenced, reinfluenced, and questioned by different actors in the Czech Republic since the 1950s. Until 1986 the right to abortion was not viewed as a woman’s personal right, but depended upon the decision of abortion commissions and was influenced by the current demographic and political situation. The decision-making process was a very embarrassing experience for many women, who in fact had no other means of contraception available to them. In this paper, I analyse the legal and political regulation of abortion from the perspective of Foucault´s theory of governmentality and biopower. Abortion regulation is an example of how state power influences and disciplines the bodies of its subjects, how it regulates the population and shapes it according to the government’s needs. Through the regulation of abortion, the state not only attempted to restrict a woman’s right to make decisions about her own body, but also defined which of its citizens should or should not become a parent and under what circumstances, and who should or should not have the right to be born. In the text I first present the theory of governmentality, then I analyse the periods of the regulation of abortion in socialist Czechoslovakia, and finally I show how this regulation can be understood as an instrument of a specific form of governmentality typical of totalitarian communist regime., Radka Dudová., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public