Úvod: V posledních letech prošla více než 20 let sloužící Atlantská klasifikace akutní pankreatitidy (AP) revizí. Přesto se prognostické ukazatele AP neustále hledají. Naše studie se pokouší zhodnotit odůvodnění 3 nově zavedených stupňů tíže revidované klasifikace akutní pankreatitidy a přínos 2 jednoduchých krevních laboratorních testů jako markerů rizika úmrtí a těžkého průběhu AP. Metody: Do studie bylo zahrnuto a sledováno celkem 159 pacientů s AP. Pacienti byli rozděleni do skupin podle Revidované Atlantské klasifikace a jednotlivé skupiny byly hodnoceny podle počtu úmrtí, délky hospitalizace a počtu stavem vyžadovaných intervencí včetně operací pankreatu. Počet leukocytů a distribuční šíře červených krvinek (RDW – red blood cell distribution width) v první den hospitalizace byly hodnoceny z hlediska prognózy AP. Výsledky: Podíl úmrtí, délka hospitalizace a počty operací pankreatu se statisticky významně lišily mezi všemi jednotlivými skupinami tíže podle Revidované Atlantské klasifikace. Počty bílých krvinek a RDW v 1. den hospitalizace byly identifikovány jako významné prediktory těžké AP a RDW také jako významný prediktor úmrtí. Souhrn: Nově zavedené kategorie lehké, středně těžké a těžké AP podle pravidel Revidované Atlantské klasifikace dobře vystihují prognózu, délku hospitalizace a riziko intervencí u nemocných. Počet bílých krvinek a RDW v první den hospitalizace se jeví jako možný adept mezi ukazatele k predikci úmrtí a rozvoje těžké formy AP., Introduction: In the last few years the Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis (AP) have been revised. However prognostic markers of AP are still being searched for. The aim of this study is to validate the 3 severity cathegories proposed by the revised Atlanta classification. We also tried to reevaluate the association between two laboratory markers (leucocyte count and RDW – red cell distribution width) on admission and prognosis of the patients with AP. Methods: 159 patients were included into the study. The patients were classified according to revised Atlanta criteria and the subgroups evaluated according to mortality, lenght of hospital stay and need for interventions. Leucocyte count and RDW on admission was evaluated in the patients. Results: All the subgroups of patients were associated with significantly relevant differences in mortality, lenght of hospital stay and need for operations on pancreas. Leucocyte count and RDW were identified as significant predictors for severe AP and RDW was also identified as significant predictor for mortality in patients with AP. Conclusion: New categories of severity as defined by Revised Atlanta classification are describing well the mortality, lenght of hospital stay and need for interventions in the patients with AP. Leucocyte count and RDW on admission are needed to be confirmed as potential prognostic markers of severity and mortality in AP., and Katarína Floreánová, Petr Dítě, Bohuslav Kianička, Lenka Dovrtělová, Marie Přecechtělová
Úvod: Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať výsledky činnosti transplantačného centra v Košiciach. Metódy: Do transplantačného programu boli zaradení pacienti v kritickom štádiu obličkového zlyhávania. Na transplantáciu obličky bolo indikovaných 457 pacientov. Z metodík bola použitá plastika tepny, našitie tepny samostatne a našitie na spoločnom terčíku. Transplantácia (Tx) obličky vyžaduje predovšetkým techniku cievnej anastomózy - chirurgického spojenia ciev. Výsledky: Transplantácie obličiek sa v Transplantačnom centre Košice realizujú od roku 1988. Plastiku tepny sme vykonali u 22,3 % (102) pacientov. Z toho tepny našité samostatne boli u 5,5 % (25). Na spoločnom terčíku ich bolo 9,4 % (43). V 7,4 % (34) bola plastika realizovaná ako implantácia pólových renálnych artérií do hlavného kmeňa. Záver: Transplantácia obličiek je život zachraňujúca metóda., Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze own results from Transplant Center Kosice, Slovak Republic. Methods: In total 457 patients in the end-stage renal failure were included to the kidney transplant program. Following techniques were used: arterioplasty, individual renal artery anastomosis and multiple renal arteries anastomosed on a common patch. The kidney transplant (Tx) especially requires surgical technique of a vascular anastomosis. Results: Renal transplantation has been established in Transplant Center Kosice since 1988. The arterioplasty of renal artery was performed in 102 (22.3%) and individual artery anastomosis in 25 (5.5%) patients. Multiple artery anastomosis on the patch was done in 43 (9.4%) and implantation of pole renal arteries to the main trunk performed in 34 (7.4%) cases. Conclusion: Renal transplantation is a lifesaving method in end stage renal failure., and P. Zavacký, Ľ. Beňa, M. Zavacká, M. Frankovičová
Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
Aldosterone blocker Spironolactone has antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidative effects, that is why pathogenetically it is expedient to use it in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Material and methods: 46 patients with RA took 2550 mg/day of Spironolactone during 12 months as an addition to standard therapy, the comparison group consisted of 47 patients that got only standard therapy, all the patients were fully examined prior and post the treatment. Results: complex RA therapy leads to improved VAS, HAQ, the antioxidative potential index F; decreased blood concentrations of TNFα, ICAM1, FGF and VEGF in contrast to standard therapy. Complex therapy made reduced the DAS 28 more > 0.6. Conclusions: applying of Spironolactone in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to more pronounced improvement in indices of articular syndrome and patients life quality, reduce of antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and angiogenic cytokines, and more effectively reduces the activity of the disease comparing to standard therapy., Elena Komarova, Borys Rebrov, and Literatura
The significance of ABO blood system groups antigens in development of some malignant tumors is already established. The alteration of hormonal homeostasis must also be taken into account. Hence the aim of the investigation was to study ABO and Rh blood system antigens and hormonal status among reproductive age women with benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: The determination of hormones was made by the enzymatic analysis method (ELAIZA), provided by proper ELAIZA kits. For the study of ABO and RhHr system antigens, internationally recognized immunoserology methods were used. Results: High index of the breast gland tumors were revealed in patients with A(II) phenotypic group, according to the ABO system. The frequency distribution of O(I) phenotypic group was low among women with breast tumors. Among D, C, E, c and e antigens of the Rh system, the frequency of D and E antigens were increased in benign and malignant breast tumors patients. The study of hormonal balance revealed thyroid gland hypofunction and increased level of estradiol on the background of increased testosterone and decreased progesterone levels. Such hormonal imbalance and excess production of estradiol creates conditions for malignant tumor formation in reproductive age women. Conclusion: The highest frequency of breast cancer in reproductive age was revealed in A(II) group patients. The wide spectrum of hormonal disorders were revealed in breast tumor patients of the reproductive age, which was especially clear in cases of malignant tumor., Irina Nakashidze, Nanuli Kotrikadze, Anzor Diasamidze, Marina Nagervadze, Manana Alibegashvili, Liana Ramishvili, Manana Gordeziani, and Literatura
BACKGROUND: In the cholesteatoma surgery ossicles can be replaced to reconstruct middle ear function. It is important that these ossicles are free of squamous epithelium, to prevent residual disease. This study focuses on the histological findings of the malleus and incus harvested during cholesteatoma surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty middle ears ossicles were examined in vivo and histologically to consider the relationship of cholesteatoma to ossicles, grade of bone destruction and invasion of cholesteatoma to deeper layers of bone. RESULTS: Serious ossicular destruction was observed more frequently in incus compared to malleus (p=0.0065). Difference of ossicles destruction between children and adults was not significant (p=0.3032). Deep invasion of cholesteatoma into the vascular spaces or inner core of the bone was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Autograft ossicles from cholesteatomatous ears should not necessarily be rejected for reconstruction of the ossicular chain. Regarding the histological finding, the authors suggest mechanical cleaning of the ossicle surface to eliminate residual disease. and L. Školoudík, E. Šimáková, D. Kalfeřt, V. Chrobok
The Purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of combined treatment for III AB stage of nonsmallcell lung cancer. Nonsmallcell lung cancer spread form treatment is disputable. Operation is not final solution. The combined treatment is being tested (in clinical trials) in this study. This article argues that a combination of treatment is a better option than that of a specific treatment. However, there is a need to find new effective options for combined treatment., Akhat Bukenov, Elena Gizbrekht, Ergaly Shauenov, Bekzhan Orazbayev, Kalmurat Razzakov, and Literatura
Cardiac surgery is inseparably linked to the activation of innate immunity cells recognizing danger signals of both endogenous and exogenous origin via pattern recognition receptors such as TLR receptors. Therefore, we followed by flow cytometry TLR2 and TLR4 expression on blood monocytes and granulocytes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using beating heart surgery (off-pump, n = 34), with use of standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), (on-pump, n = 30), and miniinvasive CPB (mini on-pump, n = 25), respectively, before, during surgery, and up to 7th postoperative day. TLR2 and TLR4 expression both on monocytes and granulocytes was significantly diminished already at the end of CPB being highly significantly decreased at the end of surgery in all patients' groups. TLR2 and TLR4 expression reached preoperative value at the 1st postoperative day being significantly higher at the 3rd postoperative day. Using intracellular staining we found the peak of TLR2 and TLR4 expression inside of monocytes and granulocytes at the first postoperative day in a subgroup of on-pump patients. In conclusion, TLR2 and TLR4 expression is significantly modulated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting as a part of adaptive homeostatic mechanisms induced by major surgery. The very surgical trauma is responsible for TLR2 and TLR4 modulation. Surprisingly, cardiopulmonary bypass itself was little contributing to the modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression. and J. Krejsek, M. Kolácková, J. Mand'ák, P. Kunes, Z. Holubcová, D. Holmannová, M. AbuAttieh, C. Andrýs
Tato pilotní studie je zaměřena na parametry CT perfuze (cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume a permeability surface area) a multifázické CT angiografie (lokalizace trombu, stav leptomeningeálních kolaterál a morfologii durálních splavů) v predikci rozvoje maligního mozkového edému u pacientů s akutním uzávěrem v přední mozkové cirkulaci. Analyzováni byli pacienti z prospektivní multicentrické studie PROVE-IT (Precise and Rapid assessment of collaterals using multiphase CTA in the triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke for IV or IA Therapy; n = 200). Sledovaným cílovým parametrem vývoje edému byl posun středočárových struktur na kontrolním CT/MR po 24–32 hod. Do analýzy bylo zahrnuto pět pacientů s posunem ≥ 5 mm a pět kontrol, byly srovnány demografické i radiologické údaje. Nejvyšší senzitivita a specificita pro rozvoj klinicky závažného středočárového posunu byla pro CBV < 1,76 ml/min/100 g pro ischemické teritorium. Hodnocení perfuzních parametrů v kompletním teritoriu ischemie neprokázalo signifikantní rozdíl., We explore the predictive value of CT perfusion parameters (permeability surface area, cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume) and multiphase CT angiography (clot localization, leptomeningeal collaterals and dural sinuses morphology) in the development of malignant brain oedema in patients with acute proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Patients from the multicentre prospective study PROVE-IT (Precise and Rapid assessment of collaterals using multi-phase CTA in the triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke for IV or IA Therapy; n = 200) were analysed. Primary outcome was evaluated by midline shift ≥ 5 mm on a follow-up CT/MRI. A CBV threshold of 1.76 ml/100 g had the highest sensitivity and specificity of for the midline shift. There was no significant difference between the two groups in analysed CT perfusion parameters calculated for the entire ischemic region. Key words: acute ischemic stroke – brain oedema – CT perfusion – CTA angiography – dural sinuses The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and O. Volný, P. Cimflová, C. D. D’esterre