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12. Měkkost a měknutí kostí čili práchnilka, též spuchřelost nebo lomivost kostí

Creator:
Hrbáček-Vrla, František
Publisher:
Č. hospodář. spol. pro markr. Moravské
Format:
print, text, regular print, and 16 s. ; 8°
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
636.09, 24, nemoci kostí, kosti, osteomalácie, and Veterinární lékařství
Language:
Czech
Description:
František Hrbáček-Vrla and Converted from MODS 3.5 to DC version 1.8 (EE patch 2015/06/25)
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

13. Parathyroid hormone-related changes of bone structure

Creator:
Kužma, Martin, Jackuliak, Peter, Killinger, Zdenko, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, kosti, vitamin D, human physiology, bones, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Cortical bone, Trabecular bone, Trabecular bone score, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the release of serum calcium through osteoclasts, which leads to bone resorption. Primary, PTH stimulates osteoblasts leading to increase RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) expression and thus differentiation of osteoclasts. In kidneys, PTH increases calcium and decrease phosphate reabsorption. In kidneys, PTH stimulates 1alpha-hydroxylase to synthesize active vitamin D. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by skeletal or renal complications. Nowadays, the classical form of PHPT is less seen and asymptomatic or subclinical (oligo symptomatic) forms are more frequent. Previously, it was thought that cortical bone is preferably affected by PHPT and that predispose bones to fracture at sites with a higher amount of cortical bone. However, an increased risk of vertebral fractures has been found by most of the studies showing that also trabecular bone is affected. Bone Mass measurement (BMD) at all skeletal sites is advised, but another specific tool for fracture assessment is needed. Trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect measure of trabecular bone, maybe a useful method to estimate fracture risk. TBS is associated with vertebral fractures in PHPT regardless of BMD, age, BMI and gender. Furthermore, there is an association between TBS and high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) parameters in the trabecular and cortical compartment. However, studies considering the effect of PHPT treatment on TBS are more conflicting. Secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by vitamin D deficiency was associated with impaired bone microarchitecture in all age categories, as measured by TBS and Hr-pQCT with further improvement after treatment with vitamin D. and Martin Kužma, Peter Jackuliak, Zdenko Killinger, Juraj Payer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

14. Prediction of vertebral fractures by trabecular bone score in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Creator:
Killinger, Zdenko, Kužma, Martin, Tomková, Soňa, Brázdilová, Kristína, Jackuliak, Peter, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, kosti, human physiology, bones, Trabecular bone score, Vertebral fractures, Ankylosing spondylitis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Ankylosing spondylarthritis (AS) is associated falsely increased lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). New tool for discrimination of subjects at fracture risk is needed. Vertebral fracture (VF) prediction of routine methods for osteoporosis assessment, BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS), in patients with AS. Cross-sectional study of all AS patients regularly followed at the rheumatology outpatient clinics of two centers. All subjects undergone BMD measurement at lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) using Hologic® Horizon device. TBS at L1-4 in all subjects by TBS InSight® software were assessed. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) was performed using the lateral spine imaging IVA™ and graded using Genant semi-quantitative approach. 119 AS subjects (90 males/29 females), mean age 47.6 years were included in the study. In 20 patients 34 VFs were detected, from whom 7 patients had multiple fractures. Subjects with VF were older and had lower FN BMD, TBS in comparison to non-VF subjects. No differences in LS BMD, FN BMD or BASDAI between groups were observed. Among patients with VF only 3 had T-score less than -2.5 but 7 has TBS less than 1.23 which means highly degraded microarchitecture. AS patients with VF have lower TBS and FN BMD in comparison to non-VF subjects. In addition, TBS was able to detect 20 % more VFs than BMD. Therefore, TBS seems promising in VF discrimination among patients with AS., Zdenko Killinger, Martin Kužma, Soňa Tomková, Kristína Brázdilová, Peter Jackuliak, Juraj Payer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. Subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice

Creator:
Sarocka, A, Kovacova, V, Omelka, R, Bauerova, M, Kapusta, E, Goc, Z, Formicki, G, and Martiniakova, M
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kosti, myši, bones, mice, alcohol, microstructure, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol., A. Sarocka, V. Kovacova, R. Omelka, M. Bauerova, E. Kapusta, Z. Goc, G. Formicki, M. Martiniakova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17. The effect of leptin on bone - an evolving concept of action

Creator:
Veronika Cirmanová, Milan Bayer, Luboslav Stárka, and Kateřina Zajíčková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, leptin, kosti, sympatický nervový systém, neuropeptidy, endocrinology, bones, sympathetic nervous system, neuropeptids, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted by adipocytes, is known to regulate food intake but has also emerged as a significant factor in the regulation of bone mass. In humans, states of energy deprivation with low serum leptin have been associated with low bone mass. In mice, leptin deficiency led to increased trabecular bone mass with overall decrease in cortical bone. Leptin regulates bone metabolism indirectly in the hypothalamus thereby activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In addition to the SNS, leptin also interacts with various hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, neuropeptide Y and/or neuromedin U, which might modulate the effects of leptin on bone. In osteoblasts sympathetic signaling is further gated by the transcriptional factors called molecular clock. As a result, bone loss is accelerated showing that the central effect of leptin seems to be antiosteogenic. Additionally, leptin has a direct anabolic effect within the bone driving the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into the osteoblastic cell lineage. Besides the interaction between the central and peripheral pathways, the overall effect of leptin on bone might be bimodal depending on leptin serum concentrations. Regulatory pathways triggering osteoblast activity might open new possibilities for anabolic treatment of osteoporosis., V. Cirmanová, M. Bayer, L. Stárka, K. Zajíčková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18. Viscoelasticity of biological materials - measurement and practical impact on biomedicine

Creator:
Kuchařová, M., Stanislav Ďoubal, Petr Klemera, Petr Rejchrt, and Navrátil, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, viskoelasticita, kosti, kůže (anatomie), viscoelasticity, bones, skin, arterial walls, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Mechanical behavior of biological structures under dynamic loading generally depends on elastic as well as viscous properties of biological materials. The significance of “viscous” parameters in real situations remains to be elucidated. Behavior of rheological models consisting of a combination of inertial body and two Voigt’s bodies were described mathematically with respect to inverse problem solution, and behavior in impulse and harmonic loadings was analyzed. Samples of walls of porcine and human aorta thoracica in transverse direction and samples of human bone (caput femoris, substantia compacta) were measured. Deformation responses of human skin in vivo were also measured. Values of elastic moduli of porcine aorta walls were in the interval from 102 kPa to 103 kPa, values of viscous coefficients were in the interval from 102 Pa.s to 103 Pa.s. The value of shear stress moduli of human caput femoris, substantia compacta range from 52.7 to 161.1 MPa, and viscous coefficients were in the interval from 27.3 to 98.9 kPa.s. The role of viscous coefficients is significant for relatively high loading frequencies - in our materials above 8 Hz in aorta walls and 5 Hz for bones. In bones, the viscosity reduced maximum deformation corresponding to short rectangular stress., M. Kuchařová, S. Ďoubal, P. Klemera, P. Rejchrt, M. Navrátil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

20. Zužitkování kostí v domácnosti a v hospodářství: o domácí výrobě kostního šrotu, kostního tuku pokrmového, mýdla z kostního tuku a účelném zpracování kostí v družstevních závodech hospodářských

Creator:
Zdeněk Šíma
Publisher:
A. Neubert
Format:
print, text, regular print, and 35 s. ; v. 8°
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Živočišné produkty, kosti, zpracování, využití, 637, 24, and UQ03
Language:
Czech
Description:
Zdeněk Šíma and S obr.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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