The paper deals with semantic content of elliptic sentences and its relation to semantic content of the corresponding non-elliptic sentences. On the basis of certain kinds of examples it is shown that syntactic theories of ellipsis have serious limits. It is also demonstrated that the so-called Property Theory, which is an example of a semantic theory of ellipsis, bears serious limitations. Another semantic theory, namely that of Minimal Indexicalism, is analyzed thereafter. Theoretical tools of the theory - in particular, its criteria of linguistic expressions identity and three layers of content - that are vital to its handling of ellipsis are discussed in some detail. Finally, a new theory of ellipsis based on Transparent Intensional Logic is proposed and argued for., Příspěvek se zabývá sémantickým obsahem eliptických vět a jeho vztahem k sémantickému obsahu odpovídajících eliptických vět. Na základě určitých druhů příkladů se ukazuje, že syntaktické teorie elips mají vážné limity. Je také prokázáno, že takzvaná teorie vlastností, která je příkladem sémantické teorie elips, nese vážné omezení. Následně je analyzována další sémantická teorie, a to teorie minimálního indexismu. Teoretické nástroje teorie - zejména její kritéria identity jazykových výrazů a tří vrstev obsahu - které jsou nezbytné pro její zvládnutí elipsy, jsou podrobně diskutovány. Nakonec je navržena a argumentována nová teorie elipsy založená na transparentní intenzivní logice., and Miloš Kosterec
In this paper, we will focus our attention on two basic semantic notions: linguistic expression and relation of synonymy (lexical synonymy). We will try to analyze the notions in three semantic fields: logic, linguistic, and pragmatic (F. Recanati), and see whether these three fields can provide us with satisfactory solutions. We will show that the pragmatic conception of semantics is not satisfactory in explaining neither the notion of linguistic expression nor the notion of synonymy - two very basic semantic notions; which could be done in logical and linguistic semantics. and Barbora Geistová Čakovská
This paper is a contribution to the theoretical foundations of data mining. More precisely, we contribute to a part of data mining allowing us to search for associations among attributes that can be expressed in the form of natural language sentences. The theoretical background and also a method for mining such associations was published recently in [V. Novák et al., Mining pure linguistic associations from numerical data, Int. Journal of Approximate Reasoning 48 (2008), 4 -- 22]. We elaborated other mathematical representations of the model presented in the mentioned paper in order to extend its applicability.