Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a metalloenzyme that performs interconversion between CO2 and the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). CAs appear among all taxonomic groups of three domains of life. Wide spreading of CAs in nature is explained by the fact that carbon, which is the major constituent of the enzyme’s substrates, is a key element of life on the Earth. Despite the diversity of CAs, they all carry out the same reaction of CO2/HCO3- interconversion. Thus, CA obviously represents a universal enzyme of the
carbon-based life. Within the classification of CAs, here we proposed the existence of an extensive family of CA-related proteins (γCA-RPs) - the inactive forms of γ-CAs, which are widespread among the Archaea, Bacteria, and, to a lesser extent, in Eukarya. This review focuses on the history of CAs discovery and integrates the most recent data on their classification, catalytic mechanisms, and physiological roles at various organisms., E. Kupriyanova, N. Pronina, D. Los., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In order to evaluate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on morphological and physiological responses of soybean to water stress, plants were grown under well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The adverse effects of WS given at different growth stages was found on growth, yield, and various physiological attributes, but WS at the flowering stage severely decreased all of above parameters in soybean. The result indicated that SMF pretreatment to the seeds significantly increased the plant growth attributes, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic performance under both WW and WS conditions. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient from SMF-treated plants gave a higher fluorescence yield at J-I-P phase. Photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of PSII, performance index based on absorption of light energy, photosynthesis, and nitrate reductase activity were also higher in plants emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds which resulted in an improved yield of soybean. Thus SMF pretreatment mitigated the adverse effects of water stress in soybean., L. Baghel, S. Kataria, K. N. Guruprasad., and Obsahuje bibliografii