Metody sekvenování nové generace (NGS) poprvé vnesly hlubší pohled do diverzity lidského střevního mikrobiálního ekosystému, jehož velikost je nečekaně veliká. Poměr lidských a mikrobiálních buněk se pohybuje v rozmezí od 1:1 až po 1:100 a lze říci, že jak lidé, tak i další savci žijí ve složitých konsorciích složených z virů, archaeí a bakterií tvořící mikrobiom spolu s mikroskopickými houbami a jednobuněčnými a mnohobuněčnými eukaryoty, tj. prvoky a helminty. Největší pozornost je prozatím věnována bakteriálnímu mikrobiomu představujícímu možná nejvíce různorodý segment ekosystému lidského těla., The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods has brought a deeper insight into the diversity of a human intestinal microbial ecosystem. The ratio of human and microbial cells ranges from 1:1 to 1:100. One might say that humans (and other mammals) live in a complex consortium of viruses, bacteria, archaea - forming what is known as a microbiome - together with microscopic fungi, unicellular and metazoan eukaryotes (protists and helminths). Most attention has so far been paid to the bacterial microbiome that signifies perhaps the most diverse segment of the ecosystem of human body., and Jan Votýpka, Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková.
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms irreversibly attached to various substrates which are embedded in the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms are present in both natural and human environments, which may cause serious problems. In this article, we deal with the basic characteristics, origin, development and functions of biofilms. and Martin Rulík, Veronika Holá.
Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences (AQUAFLUO) Conference in Nové Hrady between May 28 and June 1 was the first of its kind and enabled researchers from a variety of fields to discuss current aquatic research problems. Addressing the conference was Prof. Paul Falkowski of Rutgers University, a member of prestigious (U.S.) National Academy of Sciences and specialist in Geological Sciences and Marine and Coastal Sciences. As such he is engaged in iron fertilizer for phytoplankton and phytoplankton´s role in the carbon dioxide cycle. Professor Falkowski gave Academic Bulletin a brief interview. and Gabriela Štefániková.
Our long-term palaeoecological research on plant and mollusc assemblages in more than 170 isolated fen sites in the Western Carpathians proved a sharp gradient of species turnover spans from west to east, mainly in the distribution of so-called re - lict species, independent of any ecological difference among sites. Fossil evidence and radiocarbon dating evidenced that sites in the outer flysch part (e.g. border area between the Czech and the Slovak Republics) are much younger than those located in the Inner Western Carpathians, host many relict species and have a Holocene continuity. We also confirmed that se - veral presumable relict species are signifi - cantly related to old sites originating from the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. and Michal Horsák a kol.