INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
Prevalence kouření tabáku u adolescentů je závažným problémem s významnými dopady ve zdravotnictví, ale i v socioekonomické nebo demografické sféře. Cílem případové studie je specifikovat kuřácké chování žáků základních škol na základě rozdílných faktorů (věk, pohlaví, typ školy, geografická poloha, velikost sídla, sociální status apod.). Analytickým nástrojem je dotazník, výzkumný soubor tvoří 628 žáků (věk 11, 13, 15 let). Ve studii téměř 40 % žáků ve věku 13 let a 85 % žáků ve věku 15 let potvrdilo zkušenost s kouřením, rozdíly mezi chlapci a dívkami nejsou výrazné. Alespoň jednou za týden kouří každý šestý 15letý žák bez ohledu na pohlaví. V kouření každý den převažují chlapci (zejména 15letí). Výsledky ukazují spojitost mezi kouřením adolescentů a charakteristikou (spolu)žáků (sociální, ekonomický status, neúplná rodina, rodina cizinců, vzdělání apod.). Zřejmá je souvislost mezi kouřením a typem školy (velikost tříd, preventivní programy, řešení problémových situací, mimoškolní aktivity atd.). Je možné identifikovat rizikové kategorie žáků škol a zacílit prevenci k sociálně a vzdělanostně slabším skupinám populace, věkové kategorii 13letých (eliminace experimentování s kouřením) a 15letých (rozšíření povědomí zdravotních rizik kouření)., The prevalence of tobacco smoking is a serious issue among adolescents with major implications in healthcare but also in socioeconomic and demographic sphere. The object of case study is to specify the relationship of elementary school pupils to smoking tobacco based on various factors (age, gender, type of school, geographical location, size of residence, social status, etc.). A questionnaire is analysis tool research sample consists of 628 students. In the study, almost 40% of pupils aged 13 years and 85% of pupils aged 15 confirmed experience with smoking, the differences between boys and girls are not significant. One in six aged 15 smokes at least once a week, irrespective of gender. Boys (especially aged 15) outweigh at the everyday smoking. The results indicate a link between smoking adolescents and pupil's characteristics (social, economic status, single parent family, the family of foreigners, education, etc.). The link between smoking and type of school (class size, preventive programs, problem solving, after-school activities etc.) is obvious. It is possible to identify risk categories of pupils of schools and to target prevention to socially and educationally disadvantaged groups of the population, to the age group 13 year (elimination of experimenting with smoking) and to 15 year (greater awareness of health risks of smoking)., Dana Hübelová, and Literatura
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the study was to investigate the physiological and social needs of patients hospitalized with schizophrenia to uncover potential issues in these areas. METHODS: The relevant self-evaluating CANSAS questionnaire for physiological and social needs was used by nurses in a cohort of hospitalized schizophrenic patients undergoing rehabilitation before discharge from the mental hospital. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-four patients (women N = 115) aged 18-58 years were involved in the study. Intimate relations, financial matters, treatment of psychotic symptoms, and sexual life were among the most pressing physiological and social needs in our study subjects. CONCLUSION: The results of our study should stimulate psychiatric nurses in their effort not only to detect but also address the problems of schizophrenic patients concerning unfulfilled needs. and J. Hosáková, L. Hosák
Obezita dětí je v oblasti veřejného zdraví vážným celosvětovým problémem. Výživa, fyzická (in)aktivita a sedavý životní styl, ke kterému patří sledování televize, práce či hraní her na počítači, jsou nezávislými rizikovými faktory nárůstu BMI (nárůstu hmotnosti). Cílem předkládané práce bylo posoudit asociace mezi stravovacími návyky, fyzickou aktivitou, životním stylem, nadváhou a obezitou u dětí ve věku 8–14 let v Královéhradeckém, Libereckém a Pardubickém kraji. Cílovou skupinou (n = 2042) byli žáci ze základních škol z 2., 4., 6. a 8. ročníku. Všechny sledované parametry (vynechávání jídla, celkový energetický příjem, preference potravin a nápojů...) byly hodnoceny formou četnosti (%) v celé skupině, dle pohlaví a dle tělesné hmotnosti. Ve všech sledovaných parametrech měly děti s nadváhou/obezitou vždy horší výsledky než děti s normální hmotností, i když ne vždy signifikantní. Největší rozdíly byly zjištěny při dodržování pitného režimu, kde děti s nadváhou/obezitou pijí především slazené nápoje., Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern worldwide. Dietary behaviour, physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle which includes television viewing, working or playing games on the computer are independent risk factors for increased BMI (increasing weight). The aim of this study was to explore dietary habits, physical activity and lifestyle associated with overweight and obesity among children 8–14 years of age, in Hradec Králové, Liberec and Pardubice district. The target population (N = 2042) comprised elementary school children in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th grade. All monitored parameters (skipping meals, total energy intake, food and beverage preferences...) were evaluated by frequency (%) in the group, by gender and according to body weight. In all monitored parameters overweight/obese children have worse results, although not always significantly, than children with normal weight. The biggest differences were found in compliance with liquid intake, overweight/obese children primarily drink sweetened beverages., Hana Střítecká, Pavol Hlúbik, and Literatura 21