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12. Mechanisms of neurogenic pulmonary edema development
- Creator:
- Jiří Šedý, Josef Zicha, Jaroslav Kuneš, Pavla Jendelová, and Eva Syková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, experimentální medicína, edém, potkan, plíce, poranění míchy, experimental medicine, edema, Rattus norvegicus, lungs, spinal cord injuries, neurogenic pulmonary edema, model, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication, known for almost 100 years, but its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood. This review summarizes current knowledge about the etiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema. The roles of systemic sympathetic discharge, central nervous system trigger zones, intracranial pressure, inflammation and anesthesia in the etiopathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema are considered in detail. The management of the patient and experimental models of neurogenic pulmonary edema are also discussed., J. Šedý, J. Zicha, J. Kuneš, P. Jendelová, E. Syková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
13. Modelling diurnal courses of photosynthesis and transpiration of leaves on the basis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses, including photoinhibition
- Creator:
- Yu, Qiang, Goudriaan, J., and Wang, Tian-Duo
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- diurnal courses, initial photon efficiency, irradiance, leaf temperature, midday deppression, model, photosynthetic photon flux density, stomatal conductance, and temperature
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- A mathematical model for photoinhibition of leaf photosynthesis was developed by formalising the assumptions that (1) the rate of photoinhibition is proportional to irradiance; and (2) the rate of recovery, derived from the formulae for a pseudo first-order process, is proportional to the extent of inhibition. The photoinhibition model to calculate initial photo yield is integrated into a photosynthesis-stomatal conductance (gs) model that combines net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), and gs, and also the leaf energy balance. The model was run to simulate the diurnal courses of PN, E, gs, photochemical efficiency, i.e., ratio of intercellular CO2 concentration and CO2 concentration over leaf surface (Ci/Cs), and leaf temperature (T1) under different irradiances, air temperature, and humidity separately with fixed time courses of others. When midday depression occurred under high temperature, gs decreased the most and E the least. The duration of midday depression of gs was the longest and that in E the shortest. E increased with increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) initially, but when VPD exceeded a certain value, it decreased with increasing VPD; this was caused by a rapid decrease in gs. When air temperature exceeded a certain value, an increase in solar irradiance raised T1 and the degree of midday depression. High solar radiation caused large decrease in initial photon efficiency (α). PN, E, and gs showed reasonable decreases under conditions causing photoinhibition compared with non-photoinhibition condition under high irradiance. The T1 under photoinhibition was higher than that under non-photoinhibition conditions, which was evident under high solar irradiance around noon. The decrease in Ci/Cs at midday implies that stomatal closure is a factor causing midday depression of photosynthesis. and Qiang Yu, J. Goudriaan, Tian-Duo Wang.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14. Modely vývoje trhlin při mechanickém zatěžování pevných látek
- Creator:
- Koktavý, Pavel and Koktavý, Bohumil
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- electromagnetic emission, crack, charge, model, elektromagnetická emise, trhlina, and náboj
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The creation of cracks in non-conducting matter under mechanical stress is accompanied by electromagnetic field. Four ways of the crack behaviour are proposed implementing the dipole model. Supposing the use of capacitance sensors we derive the differential equation describing the transformation of primary crack parameters to the measured electrical signal and we solve it for these four conceptions of the crack development. The theoretical and experimental results were compared from which we can determine some primary crack parameters. and Tvorba trhlin v mechanicky zatěžovaných nevodivých látkách je doprovázena vznikem elektromagnetického pole. Na základě dipólového modelu trhliny byly navrženy čtyři základní průběhy jejího růstu. Pro případ použití kapacitního snímače byla odvozena a řešena pro každý ze čtyř případů diferenciální rovnice popisující transformaci primárních parametrů trhliny na měřený elektrický signál. Teoreticky odvozené průběhy byly porovnány s experimentálně získanými a odtud byly určeny některé primární parametry trhlin.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15. The Chinese model, the Chinese dream and the mandate of heaven
- Creator:
- Miloš Balabán and Michal Tomášek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- reformy, právo, politický systém, reforms, law, political system, model, economic growth, power, communist party, mandate of heaven, vision, Chinese National Rejuvenation, Chinese Dream, 16, and 34
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The four decades of breath-taking political and economic changes in China raise a host of questions about the governance of this, in many ways unique, world power. The authors analyse the economic, political and historical context of the origins and operation of the present-day Chinese political model, the country’s legal system and the role of the Communist Party in the Chinese society, similar in many ways to the role previously played by China’s imperial dynasties. They also highlight the new trends in Chinese domestic politics and foreign policy of the late 2010s, which bear witness to a sustained effort of the Chinese political leadership to enhance China’s great-power status on the global stage., Miloš Balabán, Michal Tomášek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16. The gradient of exciting radiation within a sample affects the relative height of steps in the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence rise
- Creator:
- Sušila, P., Lazár, D., Ilík, P., Tomek, P., and Nauš, J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- exciting irradiance gradient, model, O-J-I-P transient, optical property, and Pisum
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Measurement of the chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence rise (FR) under higher exciting irradiance (EI), the O-J-I-P transient, or under lower irradiance, the O-I-P transient, is a routinely used method to access photosystem 2 function in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Our measurements with a suspension of pea thylakoid membranes showed that the relative heights of the J and I steps in the FR depended not only on EI but also on the concentration and thickness of the sample. We explain this effect as a consequence of the gradient of EI within the sample. We tested this suggestion by theoretical simulations of the FR based on the model that was previously used for simulation of the FR considering in addition the gradient of EI within the sample. Our theoretical results correspond well with the experiments. The irradiance gradient effect may influence measured FR significantly and this fact should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of measured FRs. and P. Sušila ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public