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132. Nymphal and adult cephalic chaetotaxy of the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), and its adaptive, taxonomic and phylogenetic significance
- Creator:
- Lis, Jerzy A. and Pluot-Sigwalt, Dominique
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Cydnidae, morphology, cephalic chaetotaxy, primary setae, secondary setae, adults, nymphs, and ontogenesis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cephalic chaetotaxy of nymphal and adult stages of species from all the subfamilies of Cydnidae s. str. (sensu Froeschner, 1960 and Lis, 1994), namely Garsauriinae, Cephalocteinae, Cydninae, Sehirinae, and Amnestinae, was studied. Two types of setae, primary and secondary, are described, and changes they undergo during ontogeny reviewed. The adaptive, taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of the cephalic setae in the Cydnidae s. str. is discussed. A ground-plan of the original cephalic chaetotaxy of the family, and its evolution within the family Cydnidae s. str. are proposed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
133. Nymphal sexual dimorphism in the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae)
- Creator:
- Dusbábek, František
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ixodes ricinus, sheep tick, nymphs, sexual dimorphism, morphology, and development
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Unfed nymphs of Ixodes ricinus (L.) can be divided into two morphological groups according to the length of idioso-ma, scutum, hypostome and palpal segment III, and the number of dorsal alloscutal setae. Specimens of greater body dimensions and more numerous dorsal alloscutal setae moulted predominantly into females. The frequency of different nymphal length categories in field-collected ticks followed a normal distribution. The length of unfed nymphs correlates well with the length (r = 0.7248 ± 0.0711, P < 0.001) and weight (r = 0.6519 ± 0.0782, P < 0.001) of engorged nymphs, however, it varies in ticks of different origin. In field-collected ticks, freshly engorged female nymphs were 2.30-2.94 mm long, male nymphs 2.14-2.46 mm long. Feeding period (P < 0.05) and premoulting period (P < 0,001 ) were significantly longer in female nymphs both in field-collected and laboratory-derived I. ricinus. The engorgement weight was found to be the best criterion for differentiation of male and female nymphs of ixodid ticks. In field-collected nymphs engorged on BALB/c mice, 98.6 % of females moulted from nymphs weighting more than 3.60 mg, while in laboratory-derived ticks, 98.4 % of females emerged from nymphs of 3.42 mg body mass or more.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
134. Older-instar larvae of Pseudopsinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): morphological description of three genera and phylogenetic placement of the subfamily
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pseudopsinae, Pseudopsis, Nanobius, Zalobius, larva, immature stages, description, morphology, and phylogeny
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Larvae of three genera representing the staphylinid subfamily Pseudopsinae are described for the first time and illustrated with 33 morphological drawings: Pseudopsis Newman, Zalobius LeConte and Nanobius Herman. Thirty-six characters (mainly of larval morphology) were scored for representatives of six staphylinid subfamilies and a phylogenetic analysis was carried out. The monophyly of the subfamily Pseudopsinae is supported by the presence of a short oblique ridge on ventral side of larval head capsule laterad of maxillary foramina. The monophyly of each of the subfamilies Paederinae and Staphylininae is discussed based on the characters of the immature stages. The subfamily Pseudopsinae is confirmed to be a sister-group of the subfamilies Paederinae + Staphylininae on the basis of six larval synapomorphies. The latter clade is confirmed to be monophyletic on the basis of five larval synapomorphies. A larval identification key to the studied Pseudopsinae genera is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
135. On the morphological variability of the attachment organ of Lernaeopodidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida)
- Creator:
- Benkirane, Ouafae, Coste, Fancoise, and Raibaut, André
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- morphology, bulla, parasitic copepods, and Lernaeopodidae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The study of the bulla from 18 lemaeopodid copepod species collected on 15 marine fish species and one freshwater fish species taken mainly from the Gulf of Lions in the Mediterranean Sea reveals a great morphological and structural variability. It is however possible to bring forth three general remarks: - the bulla of Lernaeopodidae parasites of Selachii have a remarkably constant structure probably due to the tegument nature of the attachment substratum; - the bulla of Lernaeopodidae parasites of Teleostei has a morphology influenced by the nature of the attachment tissue; - when species of a same genus (i.e. Clavellotis) are attached on a same organ, the shape of the bulla can constitute a taxonomic characteristic.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
136. Ophidascaris wangi sp. n. and O. najae (Gedoelst, 1916) (Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) from snakes in China
- Creator:
- Li, Liang, Guo, Yan-Ning, Li, Jian, and Zhang, Lu-Ping
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ascarididae, Nematoda, Elaphe carinata, morphology, taxonomy, and Ophiophagus hannah
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ophidascaris wangi sp. n. collected from the king rat snake Elaphe carinata (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae) in China is described using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from its congeners in the presence of narrow lateral alae originating a short distance posterior to the base of the ventrolateral lips, its relatively long oesophagus (3.57-4.54 mm long, representing 6.6-7.6% of body length), its short spicules (1.89-2.14 mm long, representing 3.9-4.3% of body length), the number and arrangement of caudal papillae (49-57 pairs in total, arranged as follows: 43-51 pairs precloacal, 2 pairs joined paracloacal and 4 pairs postcloacal), the presence of a particular papilliform medioventral, postcloacal ornamentation and the morphology of the eggs and tip of the female tail. In addition, Ophidascaris najae (Gedoelst, 1916), collected from the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah Cantor (Serpentes: Elapidae) in China, is also redescribed. The morphology of the cervical papillae, labial denticles and phasmids of the female is described for the first time.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
137. orphaned clone of Potamogeton ×schreberi in the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Kaplan, Zdeněk and Fehrer, Judith
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Potamogeton, hybridization, taxonomy, morphology, vegetative propagation, relic occurrence, distribution, new records, and rare taxon
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A Potamogeton hybrid found growing in the absence of parental species in a South Bohemian stream, Czech Republic, was subjected to molecular analyses to identify its exact identity. RFLP of the ITS region confirmed its previous morphological identification as P. natans × P. nodosus (= P. ×schreberi). A comparison of its RFLP pattern with those of P. gramineus, P. lucens and P. polygonifolius unambiguously excluded the possibility that the investigated plants are specimens of other similar hybrids (P. ×fluitans, P. ×sparganiifolius, P. ×gessnacensis). The discovery of P. ×schreberi in South Bohemia is the first record of this hybrid for the Czech Republic. So far, it is known only from five countries and the Czech clone is one of a few extant clones of this hybrid in Central Europe. Chloroplast DNA sequencing identified P. nodosus as the maternal parent although at present this species neither occurs at the locality, nor upstream, nor in the entire drainage basin. The other species, P. natans, only occurs downstream of the locality in isolated side pools in a former stream bed and fishponds in an adjacent drainage basin. The available data indicate that this hybrid has persisted vegetatively at this locality for some time in the absence of its parents.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
138. Patterns of morphometric variation among species of the genus Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the Mediterranean area
- Creator:
- Simoes, Paula Cristina and Quartau, Alberto
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hemiptera, Cicada, morphology, morphometry, Portugal, Greece, and Turkey
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Selected populations of five closely related species of the genus Cicada L. were collected mainly on the Portuguese, Greek and Turkish mainland, as well as on several Aegean islands. Ten morphometric traits of external structures and seven of male genitalia were analysed and the results revealed patterns in morphometric variation for each species. Only C. lodosi was always completely discriminated by both character sets and C. barbara by the male genitalia analysis. For the remaining species there was great overlap between the clusters. Body length, of the external morphological structures, and measurements of the pygophore, of the male genitalia, were the best variables for identifying C. lodosi and C. barbara. The present morphometric analyses revealed that divergence in morphology is much less pronounced than the divergence in acoustic signals and DNA. Thus, the congruence between morphological divergence, namely at the level of the external structures, and both behavioural (acoustic) and genetic divergence is quite low.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
139. Pedicellar structures in Reduviidae (Heteroptera) - comments on cave organ and trichobothria
- Creator:
- Weirauch, Christiane
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Antenna, trichobothrium, cave organ, morphology, phylogenetic systematics, Heteroptera, and Reduviidae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Sensillar structures of the antennal pedicel are investigated in Reduviidae and Pachynomidae. The cave organ, a presumably chemoreceptive structure, previously reported only for haematophagous Triatominae, is described here also for representatives of Peiratinae, Reduviinae and Stenopodainae. The systematic implication of the occurrence of this sensillar structure is discussed. Further, four sclerites located in the membrane between pedicel and preflagelloid are described and used as landmarks for the recognition of individual trichobothria in Reduviidae and Pachynomidae. Characters of the trichobothrial socket are studied and discussed systematically. Homology of the distalmost trichobothrium of Reduviidae with the single trichobothrium in Pachynomidae is proposed. This hypothesis is based on the structure of the cuticle surrounding the trichobothria and on the trichobothrial position relative to the four sclerites of the pedicello-flagellar articulation. The single trichobothrium present in most nymphs corresponds to the distalmost trichobothrium in adult Reduviidae in position and structural detail. A reasonable hypotheses on the homology of individual trichobothria of the proximal row or field seen in most Reduviidae can so far only be formulated for Peiratinae.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
140. Photosynthetic and morphological functional types from different steppe communities in Inner Mongolia, North China
- Creator:
- Wang, R. Z.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- C3, C4, and CAM plants, morphology, photosynthetic pathway, plant diversity, and plant functional types
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Morphological functional types and photosynthetic pathway types were identified for the forage species from steppe communities in Inner Mongolia, China, using the data of both field survey and published papers. Seven typical steppe communities were selected to investigate the morphological functional type and photosynthetic pathway type compositions and plant functional type (PFT) diversity in steppe communities at regional scale. Morphological functional types, based on plant height and leaf type combined with life span, were optimal for comparing the community differences in the region, while photosynthetic pathway types were fairly coarse for such studies. Of the seven morphological functional types in the steppe communities, perennial forbs (PEF) were the dominant type, and 60 % of species belonged to this type. Each of the high perennial grass (HPG), short perennial grass (SPG), and annual grass (ANG) types represented less than 10 % of the total, even though the grass species were dominant in the seven steppe communities. The differences of PFTs between the steppe communities were remarkable, and the PFT richness and diversity increased from the communities with moist conditions to the ones with dry environments.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public