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Start Over Subject motherhood

2. Dobrovolné mateřství bez partnera

Creator:
Kozlová, Lucie and Tomanová, Nicola
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
motherhood, children psychology, and single parent families
Language:
Czech
Description:
In contemporary Czech society the changes of reproduction patterns take place. They are characterized by postponing the marriage and parenthood. So called informal partnerships or unmarried couples are becoming more frequent which also results in a growing number of births of extra-marital children. The number of women with children without partner is growing, too. Authors differentiate three types of them - widows, divorced women and women who voluntary want to have child without long-term partner. The third type of women is usually middle age, around 35 years old, they are successful in their jobs and they have enough financial resources to bring up child by themselves. The paper is based on pilot survey where 118 women took part. Respondents insist that woman can rear the child as good as both parents can do. However the specialists dispute this statement. According to psychologists children need both parents and the role of father cannot be easily substituted. Thus, the phenomenon of single parent family has to be considered within the complex set of conditions.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Jeho a její pohled: Střídavá péče z perspektivy matek a otců

Creator:
Vohlídalová, Marta
Format:
electronic
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
shared custody, joint physical custody, gender, motherhood, fatherhood, and HM
Language:
Czech
Description:
The number of children in shared custody has been growing slowly in the CR. Today shared custody presents about 8 % of divorce cases with dependent children decided by courts. Despite this trend, there is a lack of research on how shared custody is practiced and experienced by Czech parents. The aim of this paper is to partially fill this gap. In the paper I ask how shared custody is related to the disruption of traditional gender ideology and performance of paternal and maternal roles and gender inequalities between partners. The analysis is based on 13 in-depth interviews with couples (mothers and fathers separately) who have shared custody. The analysis indicated that even if shared custody may be considered to be a tool for disrupting gender stereotypes and gender inequality between parents, it proved to be associated both with the confirmation and disruption of gender stereotypes associated with fatherhood and motherhood. While certain aspects of the practices and culture of shared custody are associated with “undoing gender”(especially regarding fatherhood), in other aspects it enhances and reproduces the gender power inequality between ex-partners and traditional expectations associated with parental roles.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Jeho a její pohled: střídavá péče z perspektivy matek a otců

Creator:
Vohlídalová, Marta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, mateřství, otcovství, gender, motherhood, fatherhood, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The number of children in shared custody has been growing slowly in the CR. Today shared custody presents about 8 % of divorce cases with dependent children decided by courts. Despite this trend, there is a lack of research on how shared custody is practiced and experienced by Czech parents. The aim of this paper is to partially fill this gap. In the paper I ask how shared custody is related to the disruption of traditional gender ideology and performance of paternal and maternal roles and gender inequalities between partners. The analysis is based on 13 in-depth interviews with couples (mothers and fathers separately) who have shared custody. The analysis indicated that even if shared custody may be considered to be a tool for disrupting gender stereotypes and gender inequality between parents, it proved to be associated both with the confirmation and disruption of gender stereotypes associated with fatherhood and motherhood. While certain aspects of the practices and culture of shared custody are associated with “undoing gender”(especially regarding fatherhood), in other aspects it enhances and reproduces the gender power inequality between ex-partners and traditional expectations associated with parental roles., Marta Vohlídalová., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Liberální matka Božena Němcová

Creator:
Bahenská, Marie
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
19th century, Czech lands, Božena Němcová, and motherhood
Language:
Czech
Description:
The preserved correspondence of Božena Němcová can be used as a source for an analysis of her attitude to her children. The letters enable us to reflect if these attitudes diverged from the conventions of the time, to what degree her personal experiences reflected in her raising of the children and what priorities she envisioned for them. The principles Němcová quoted can be to a certain degree seen as representing a clash of only slowly changing social norms (i.e. the notion of the patriarchal family with father-provider) and the rapidly changing social and economic reality. Němcová herself was forced to submit to the economic situation of her family and through her own income tried to improve its situation. As for the raising of the children, she mostly advocated traditional views. However, we can consider modern her conviction of the importance of first-rate education, without regard to gender. As for the future professions of her children, she viewed this question in a practical way, considering the possibilities for professional fulfilment and salary. There is a marked difference in the approach of Němcová to her sons and to her only daughter, influenced of course by the fact of their greater or shorter distance from home, but also probably by certain traditional and gender-stereotypical thinking. The educational style of Němcová should not be considered liberal, as she most often reminded her children of their duties, moral principles, obedience, respect and responsibility.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Mateřství na dálku: transnacionální mateřství ukrajinských migrantek v České republice

Creator:
Ezzeddine, Petra
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mateřství, biografie, motherhood, biography, migration, transnational care practices, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Czech Republic is chosen by Ukrainian transnational mothers as a destination for their economic migration, mainly because it is possible, due to the geographical distance, to conduct a circulation migration between the two countries. The life “here” and “there” and the mobility of female labor migration gives, on the one hand, Ukrainian mothers the possibility of coordinating productive and reproductive work but, on the other hand, they are “trapped” in the net of unskilled work, and it is hard for them to get a stable job position. I analyze how gender operates in transnational spaces, and what impacts it has on the experience of motherhood. I describe how transnational Ukrainian mothers narratively construct and emphasize their experiences with transnational motherhood., Petra Ezzeddine., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Mateřství, rodina a práce z pohledu matek malých dětí

Creator:
Hana Maříková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mateřství, rodina, trh práce, rodičovská dovolená, gender, motherhood, family, labor market, parental leave, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
A structural look at the employment of women with young children shows that this group is marginalized in the labour market when it is unable or only with difficulty is able to find employment in the labour market, as the current labour market revolves around the principle of independent, fully flexible individuals unencumbered by any obligations outside work. What significance in their lives do these women ascribe to being mothers and what significance do they assign to work? How does the perception of the relationship between work and family influence how they define for themselves the combination of these two spheres of life? How does this group of women see their opportunities for finding work in the labour market? Answers to these questions were sought from an analysis of 29 semi-structured interviews carried out in 2006 with women on parental leave or women just returning to work from leave, who had taken a requalification course. Their view is the view from “below”, which is a legitimate one, but given that it mainly relates to their own experiences or the experiences of others in their social surroundings there may be limitations to it. The potential limitations in this view are pointed out in the article’s conclusion., Hana Maříková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Obavy a těžkosti rané fáze rodičovství: zjištění longitudinálního výzkumu prvorodičů

Creator:
Nešporová, Olga
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parenthood, fatherhood, motherhood, fears, difficulties, and Czech Republic
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on the concerns of Czech expectant parents and their subsequent life difficulties. A qualitative longitudinal methodology was used to study parental experiences for a period of around four years. Three waves of semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen dual-earner parental couples who had their first child in 2011 or 2012. An analysis of 93 interviews revealed that the fears of the parents-to-be principally concerned childcare, paid work, free time, the relationships, and health. Actual experience of difficulties in these areas was often mentioned by different respondents from those who had expected to have them. The theory of intensive motherhood was employed to underscore the heavy demands and responsibilities placed on contemporary parents and the difficulties that accompany the use of a child-centred approach. The heavy demands on childcare felt by mothers who adhered to the intensive mothering model were cited as causing difficulties in the everyday lives of parental couples; the fathers mainly complained of a lack of rest and quality time with their partners.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:private

9. Přechod k mateřství – plány versus realita týkající se pracovních životů vysokoškolsky vzdělaných žen

Creator:
Nešporová, Olga
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
motherhood, work-life balance, and childcare
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article provides a detailed insight into a critical stage in the life course of young women. It focuses on the transition to first-time motherhood among women with tertiary education in heterosexual dual-earner couples in the Czech Republic. The plans of pregnant women regarding their working lives following the birth of their first child are compared with the subsequent realities of their lives (the first eighteen months of their motherhood). The study is based on longitudinal qualitative research conducted between 2011 and 2014. The research revealed that pregnant women did not consider motherhood and paid work as contradictory and that most of them anticipated working before their child´s third birthday. Due to the reality of motherhood and the chances of combining childcare and work, a number of the women in the sample changed their plans, did not return to work once their children reached eighteen months of age and did not expect to return to work in the near future. The lack of available non-maternal childcare or the unwillingness to take advantage of it were found to be the key factors in their decision not to work, coupled with a shortage of part-time work and flexible working arrangements (working hours and place of work). Conversely, the offer of flexible working conditions, the prospect of good financial rewards and a positive relationship between the woman and her work constituted the key reasons for women to return to work during the first eighteen months of their child’s age. With regard to the fulfilment of their plans, structural conditions and constraints were identified as being of greater importance than personal preferences.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Proměny časování a způsobu návratu matek do zaměstnání

Creator:
Hana Hašková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mateřství, matky, mateřská dovolená, rodičovská dovolená, trh práce, gender, motherhood, mothers, maternal leave, parental leave, labor market, sociological research, sociologický výzkum, capabilities for work-life balance, refamilization, post-socialist context, 4, and 331
Language:
Czech
Description:
In a European comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries where motherhood has the biggest negative impact on women’s employment participation. Some researchers explain this situation as resulting from Czech mothers’ preferences for a long-term interruption to their labour market participation. Others stress that preferences are structurally and culturally embedded and identify barriers to the return of Czech mothers to the labour market. In this article, the author first introduces a critique of the theories that focus on preferences in work-life balance studies. Second, inspired by the critique and based on a representative survey of the Czech adult population from 2010 focused on life course histories, the author analyses changes in the length of women’s employment interruptions caused by motherhood since the 1950s and describes the current refamilization model applied in Czech society. Subsequent analysis of biographical interviews with mothers of small children provides an insight into their decision-making about returning to the labour market, and the analysis also shows that statistical evidence of the increase in the economic inactivity of Czech mothers often relates to their involvement in unpaid or unofficially paid economic activities. These strategies are the result of their structurally and culturally constrained decision-making and limited opportunities to achieve work-life balance. At the end of the day, these factors strengthen long-term gender inequalities in the society., Hana Hašková., 3 tabulky, Poznámky na str. 39 (11), Biografická poznámka o autorce článku na str. 52, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 40
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public