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142. Faradayovy izolátory pro detektory gravitačních vln LIGO a pro vysokovýkonné lasery
- Creator:
- Lucianetti, Antonio, Slezák, Ondřej, Novák, Ondřej, and Mocek, Tomáš
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, gravitační vlny, lasery, detekce (chemie), physics, lasers, detection (chemistry), Spojené státy americké, United States, Faradayovy izolátory, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Odbornou i laickou veřejnost nedávno vzrušila zpráva, že ve Spojených státech amerických došlo k detekci gravitačních vln v observatoři Advanced LIGO, což je soustava optických interferometrů navržená právě k tomuto účelu. Náš příspěvek seznamuje čtenáře s Advanced LIGO jako optickým přístrojem a ukazuje, jak se optické technologie, původně vyvinuté pro toto unikátní zařízení, uplatňují jinde., Academia and the general public were recently excited by the news that gravitational waves were detected in the Advanced LIGO observatory (USA). LIgo is a set of optical interferometers designed for the propose of gravitational wave detection. This contribution informs readers with regard to the Advanced LIGO as an optical device and shows how optical technologies, originally developed for this unique device, are applied in other fields of research and development., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
143. Fascinující cesty za modrým světlem: Přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2014
- Creator:
- Akasaki, Isamu and Gregora, Ivan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, Nobelova cena (ocenění), physics, Nobel Prizes, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2014., The 2014 Nobel Prize for Physics was shared to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura. These three articles contain the text of the address given in conjunction with the award., Isamu Akasaki., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
144. Fermiho národné laboratórium (Fermilab) a urýchl'ovač Tevatron
- Creator:
- Marčišovský, Michal
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, physics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The Tevatron accelerator built and operated in Fermilab (Batavia, Illinois) was the most powerfull machine in the world for almost three decades. However, its mission ended when the LHC (Large Hadron Collider, CERN) came into operation. Tevatron was finally shut down in September 2011. Despite its demise, its past results represent a significant chapter in the history of elementary particle physics. These results were also great use to the setting of LHC scientific goals., Urýchl'ovač Tevatron v laboratóriu Fermilab (Batavia, Illinois) bol po takmer tri desaťročia najvýkonnejším colliderom na svete, s nástupom LHC (Large Hadron Collider, CERN) v Ženeve boli jeho dni spočítané a koncom septembra 2011 ukončil svoju činnosť. Jeho výsledky sa zapísali do dejín fyziky a aj na ich základe sa formuloval fyzikálny program LHC. Tevatron slúžil od prvých zrážok úctyhodných 25 rokov a minulý rok odovzdal štafetu do Európy., Michal Marčišovský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
145. Filip Grygar: Komplementární myšlení Nielse Bohra v kontextu fyziky, filosofie a biologie
- Creator:
- Čermák, Patrik
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, knihy, physics, books, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Patrik Čermák.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
146. Filozofia na pôde Vedeckej syntézy
- Creator:
- Bakoš, Vladimír
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, physics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Pred viac ako 75 rokmi bol v Bratislave založený Spolok pre vedeckú syntézu (v daľšom SpVS). Jeho vzniku, vývoju, činnosti a vplyvu je venovaný príspevok V. Bakoša "Filozofia na pôde Vedeckej syntézy", in: Filozofické iniciatívy Igora Hrušovského, Filozofický ústav SAV, Bratislava 2009, ktorý tu reprodukujeme so súhlasom vydavateľa. O SpVS písal predovšetkým v monografii Filozofické myslenie na Slovensku v medzivojnovom období (1918-1938), Pravda, Bratislava 1988 a v článku "Der Verein für die wissenschaftliche Philosophie in Bratislava", in: Wien-Berlin-Prag: Der Aufstieg der wissenschaftlichen Philosophie, Veröffentlichung des Instituts Wiener Kreis Bd. II, Hg. R. Haller, F. Stadler, Verlag Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Wien 1993, s. 648-663., Vladimír Bakoš., Článek zahrnuje medailonek autora na straně 237., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
147. Formation of neutrino halos
- Creator:
- Stuchlík, Zdeněk
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- physics, neutrino halos, and galaxy formation
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- A fully general relativistic non-linear model of the formation of massive neutrino halos in an Einstein-Straus universe was given by Fabbri, Janisen and Ruffini. Here we consider the role which a non-vanishing, repulsive cosmological constant Λ>01 admissible by observational limits, can have in the FJR model. The main conclusion is that the influence of Λ is negligible in the FJR model for massive neutrinos with mass *, indicated by recent observations of SN 1987a. On the other hand, the cosmological constant is relevant in the model, if neutrinos have low mass, < O.2eV.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
148. Foton - nové vyjasnění starého pojmu
- Creator:
- Kragh, Helge S. and Valenta, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotony, fyzika, photons, physics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- After G. N. Lewis (1875-1946) proposed the term “photon” in 1926, many physicists adopted it as a more apt name for Einstein’s light quantum. However, Lewis’ photon was a concept of a very different kind, something few physicists knew or cared about. In fact, it turns out that the term “photon” was not novel, as the same term was proposed or used earlier, apparently independently, by at least four other scientists. Three of the four early proposals were related to physiology or visual perception, and only one to quantum physics. Priority belongs to the American physicist and psychologist L. T. Troland (1889-1932), who coined the word in 1916, and five years later it was independently introduced by the Irish physicist J. Joly (1857-1933). Then in 1925 a French physiologist, René Wurmser (1890-1993), wrote about the photon, and in July 1926 his compatriot, the physicist F. Wolfers (ca. 1890-1971), did the same in the context of optical physics. None of the four pre-Lewis versions of “photon” were well known and they were soon forgotten., Kdy se objevil termín "foton" a v jakém kontextu? O tom pojednává tento článek významného dánského historika fyziky H. S. Kragha. Obecně se soudí, že za "foton" vděčíme slavnému americkému chemikovi G. N. Lewisovi, který tento termín stvořil roku 1926. Je to pravda, ale Kragh ukazuje jednak, že to bylo v jiném kontextu, než jak chápeme foton dnes, jednak, že několik jiných badatelů navrhlo a použilo termín foton již před Lewisem - na ně se však zapomnělo. Nakonec tedy můžeme konstatovat, že "foton" se zrodil několikrát v období deseti let zhruba před sto lety. (jv), Helge S. Kragh., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
149. Fotovoltaické využítí energie světla ze Slunce
- Creator:
- Fejfar, Antonín and Ledinský, Martin
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, energie, Slunce, physics, energy, Sun, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Sunlight is the source of energy for most of the processes on the Earth‘s surface and it represents also the ulitmate renewable energy source for human civilisation. The invention of photovoltaic solar cells and their development to the present highly sophisticated forms represent a story worth telling. The history of photovoltaics contains surprising and dramatic moments as well as steady progress, on a par with the rise of microelectronics. Further, there may still be some surprising new paths, similar to the recent development of hybrid perovskite solar cells., Antonín Fejfar, Martin Ledinský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
150. François Englert - životopis
- Creator:
- Englert, François and Gregora, Ivan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, laureáti Nobelovy ceny, physics, Nobel Prize winners, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- François Englert ; přeložil Ivan Gregora.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public