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315. Professor Schreiber: a pioneer in TRH research

Creator:
Martin Haluzík and Štěpán Svačina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Schreiber, Vratislav, 1924-2015, 20.-21. století, vědci, lékaři, endokrinologie, fyziologie, scientists, endocrinology, physiology, Česko, Czechia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Martin Haluzík, Štěpán Svačina. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

316. Profile of neurohumoral agents on mesenteric and intestinal blood flow in health and disease

Creator:
Hansen, M. B., Dresner, L. S., and Wait, R. B.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
absorption, blood flow, carcinoid syndrome, diabetes mellitus, diarrhoea, 5-Hydroxytryptamine, ischaemia, intestine, nitric oxide, pathophysiology, physiology, platelets, and secretion
Language:
English
Description:
The mesenteric and intestinal blood flow is organized and regulated to support normal intestinal function, and the regulation of blood flow is, in part, determined by intestinal function itself. In the process of the development and adaptation of the intestinal mucosa for the support of the digestive processes and host defense mechanisms, and the muscle layers for propulsion of foodstuffs, a specialized microvascular architecture has evolved in each tissue layer. Compromised mesenteric and intestinal blood flow, which can be common in the elderly, may lead to devastating clinical consequences. This problem, which can be caused by vasospasm at the microvascular level, can cause intestinal ischaemia to any of the layers of the intestinal wall, and can initiate pathological events which promote significant clinical consequences such as diarrhea, abdominal angina and intestinal infarction. The objective of this review is to provide the reader with some general concepts of the mechanisms by which neurohumoral vasoactive substances influence mesenteric and intestinal arterial blood flow in health and disease with focus on transmural transport processes (absorption and secretion). The complex regulatory mechanisms of extrinsic (sympathetic-parasympathetic and endocrine) and intrinsic (enteric nervous system and humoral- endocrine) components are presented. More extensive reviews of platelet function, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the carcinoid syndrome, 5-hydroxytryptamine and nitric oxide regulation of vascular tone are presented in this context. The possible options of pharmacological intervention (e.g. vasodilator agonists and vasoconstrictor antagonists) used for the treatment of abnormal mesenteric and intestinal vascular states are also discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

317. Prophylactic inhalation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine enhances heat shock protein 72 and attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats

Creator:
Chuang, I.-C., Huang, M.-S., Huang, L.-J., Chou, S.-H., Tsai, T.-N., Chen, Y.-C., and Yang, R.-C.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, glutamine, heat shock protein 72, acute lung injury, aerosol therapy, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Studies have demonstrated that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays an important role in the protection of stressed organisms. The development of strategies for enhancing HSPs expression may provide novel means of minimizing inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute lung injury. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (GLN) inhalation in enhancing pulmonary HSP72 (inducible HSP70) expression and attenuating lung damage in a model of acute lung injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) NS: saline inhalation; (2) NS-LPS: pretreatment by saline inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation; (3) GLN: glutamine inhalation; (4) GLN-LPS: pretreatment by glutamine inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation. The results show that GLN compared with saline administration, led to significant increase in lung HSP72 both in non LPS-treated rats and LPS-treated rats. In LPStreated rats, pretreatment by GLN inhalation produced less lung injury as evidenced by the decrease in lung injury score and dramatic decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell differentiation counts (PMN %) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The study indicates that prophylactic glutamine inhalation associated with the enhancement of HSP72 synthesis attenuates tissue damage in experimental lung injury., I.-C. Chuang, M.-S. Huang, L.-J. Huang, S.-H. Chou, T.-N. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, R.-C. Yang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

318. Protection against ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction conferred by preconditioning in the rat heart: Involvement of mitochondrial K ATP channels and reactive oxygen species

Creator:
Jana Matejíková, Jarmila Kucharská, Mária Pintérová, Dezider Pancza, and Ravingerová, T.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, srdeční arytmie, ischemická choroba srdeční, physiology, cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, preconditioning, mito K ATP channels, rat heart, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
a1_Ischemic preconditioning (I-PC) induced by brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) protects the heart against sustained I/R. Although activation of mitochondrial K ATP channels (mitoK ATP) interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proposed as a key event in this process, their role in the antiarrhythmic effect is not clear. This study was designed: 1) to investigate the involvement of mito K ATP opening in the effect of I-PC (1 cycle of I/R, 5 min each) on ventricular arrhythmias during test ischemia (TI, 30-min LAD coronary artery occlusion) in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and subsequent postischemic contractile dysfunction, and 2) to characterize potential mechanisms of protection confer red by I-PC and pharmacological PC induced by mito K ATP opener diazoxide (DZX), with particular regards to the modulation of ROS generation. Lipid peroxidation (an indicator of increased ROS production) was determined by measurement of myocardial concentration of conjugated dienes (CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in non-ischemic controls, non-preconditi oned and preconditioned hearts exposed to TI, I-PC alone, as well as after pretreatment with DZX, mito K ATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC)., a2_Total number of ventricular premature beats (VPB) that occurred in the control hearts (518±71) was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by I-PC (195±40), NAC (290±56) and DZX (168±22). I-PC and NAC suppressed an increase in CD and TBARS caused by ischemia indicating lower production of ROS. On the other hand, I-PC and DZX themselves moderately enhanced ROS generation, prior to TI. Bracketing of I-PC with 5-HD suppressed both, ROS production during PC and its cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, potential mechanisms of protection conferred by mito K ATP opening in the rat heart might involve a temporal increase in ROS production in the preconditioning phase triggering changes in the pro/antioxidant balance in the myocardium and attenuating ROS production during subsequent prolonged ischemia., J. Matejíková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

319. Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity bearing enzymes in human blood plasma and glioma cell lines

Creator:
Aleksi Šedo, Radek Malík, Jaroslav Vičar, Šimánek, V., and Jitka Ulrichová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, fagaronine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, macleya cordata, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, attractin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), fagaronine (FA), sanguinarine (SA), chelerythrine (CHE) and the QBA extract from Macleya cordata (EX) exerted differential inhibitory effect on the hydrolytic activity of particular dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-like enzyme isolated from human blood plasma and from human and rat glioma cell lines. The low-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, corresponding most probably to DPP-8, observed only in glioma cells but not in human plasma, was inhibited preferentially by SA, CHE and EX, and only slightly by FA. The alkaloid inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent in the range 25-150 M and directly pH-related. In addition, a subtle but consistent inhibition of the intermediate-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, ascribed to DPP-IV/CD26, observed only in human plasma and of the attractin (high-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, expressed in U87 glioma cells) by the studied alkaloids was observed. We conclude that some of the QBA biological effects could be determined by tissue and cell type specific dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like molecules expression pattern., A. Šedo, R. Malík, J. Vičar, V. Šimánek, J. Ulrichová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

320. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field affects heart rate variability in rabbits

Creator:
Míšek, Jakub, Veterník, Marcel, Tonhajzerová, Ingrid, Jakušová, Viera, Janousek, Ladislav, and Jakuš, Ján
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mobilní komunikace, králíci, fyziologie, mobile communication, rabbits, physiology, cardiac autonomic regulation, cell phone, radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) on heart rate variability (HRV) in rabbits with intensity slightly exceeding the limits for occupations. Totally 21 New Zealand white rabbits divided into two groups were used in this double-blind study. The first group of animals without general anesthesia was subjected to HRV examination under exposure to a device generated RF EMF source (frequency 1788 MHz, intensity 160 V/m, lasting 150 min.). The second group (premedications + α chloralose mg/kg) underwent the same protocol under the exposure to the real RF EMF signal from the base stations of mobile providers (frequency range 1805 - 1870 MHz - corresponding to the downlink signal of Slovak mobile providers, 160 V/m, 150 min., respectively). Individual 5-min records were used to analyze the HRV parameters: heart rate and root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (rMSSD) for time domain analysis and spectral powers in the low (LF-VFS) and high frequency (HF-VFS) bands for frequency domain analysis. Our study revealed the increased in HRV parameters (HF-HRV, rMSSD) associated with lower heart rate indicating increased cardiac vagal control under the exposure to RF EMF in experimental methods., Jakub Misek, Marcel Veterník, Ingrid Tonhajzerova, Viera Jakusova, Ladislav Janousek, Jan Jakus., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public