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12. Social housing in Germany: an inevitably shrinking sector?

Creator:
Kofner, Stefan
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, Germany, home ownership, and welfare policy
Language:
English
Description:
The role of the social housing sector as part of the German housing system has changed fundamentally since 1950. Social housing in Germany followed a number of common trends and features to be observed in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a narrow focus on fragile populations and a reduction in the proportion of social housing. The specific reasons for this are discussed as relating to the German background. Against a background of more and more tense housing markets the paper argues for a revitalization of social housing in Germany without repeating the old mistakes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

13. Social housing in Italy: old problems, older vices and some new virtues?

Creator:
Poggio, Teresio and Boreiko, Dmitri
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
economic crisis, housing policy, Italy, and social housing
Language:
English
Description:
Social housing in Italy, its historical and recent developments, and its criticalities are discussed considering both the pre- and the post-crisis period. The main effects of the crisis on Italian households and the exacerbating of housing problems are also analysed. A critical review of the main policy instruments implemented before and after the crisis is provided, with a special focus on new models of intervention. It is not clear how the housing needs of low income households will be addressed in the near future. Traditional public-managed social housing has been left with insufficient resources while the newly-built affordable housing sector is mainly targeting mid-income households. Several new policy instruments have been deployed and billions of euros invested. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to observe a consistent strategy oriented to increasing the level of social protection in the housing domain, beyond the conventional management of “emergencies”.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

14. Social housing in post-crisis Hungary: a reshaping of the housing regime under ‘unorthodox’ economic and social policy

Creator:
Hegedüs, József
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, Hungary, and welfare policy
Language:
English
Description:
Hungary stepped on a very specific path two years into the Global Financial Crisis and the recession in its wake, on which it replaced ‘traditional’ austerity programs with ‘unorthodox’ economic policy. This policy paradigm shift affected the emerging social housing policy in two respects. First, the mainstream approach to social problems related to worsening housing affordability (due to increased loan repayments and other cost items together with decreasing incomes) provided strong support for the middle class. Second, intervention toward low income households remained minimal, and served only to pacify political tensions. This dual approach characterized the policy of the government, and resulting shift in the social structure did not necessarily follow the direction policy makers intended. Programs aimed at the middle class were poorly targeted, and often helped the upper middle class the most, who again did not behave the way policy makers expected (which would have been increased consumption to stimulate economic growth). Programs aimed at low income groups rendered the social structure more rigid, decreased the chance of low income persons to escape from extreme poverty, and cemented the opportunity discrepancies between the rich and the poor. The most recent housing policy measures suggest that the mistakes committed in the 2000s will likely be repeated, and there are not measures in place which could correct their course.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. Social housing in the Czech Republic: change of trend?

Creator:
Lux, Martin and Sunega, Petr
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Eastern European housing, social housing, and Czech Republic
Language:
English
Description:
The goal of this paper is (1) to describe the history and the most recent development of social housing system in the Czech Republic and (2) critically assess earlier and recent attempts to solve missing social housing strategy in this country. In general, the paper intends to contribute to literature on housing policy formulation in countries in transition from planning to market economy and thus provide insight into main factors that may explain unsustainability and weakness of housing strategies in post-socialist environment. Lack of competence, constrained discussion during programme/strategy preparation and the dominance of ideology over rational argument are found to be critical factors for the past and possibly future social housing policy failures in the Czech Republic.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

16. Social housing models: past and future

Creator:
Whitehead, Christine
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, housing finance, market failures, distribution, and housing allowances
Language:
English
Description:
This paper looks at the rationale for social housing; examines the models that have been used in Europe over the last century and how social housing might be maintained into the future.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17. Social sousing provided by the third sector: The Slovak experience

Creator:
Murray Svidroňová, Mária, Mikušová Meričková, Beata, Nemec, Juraj, and Kuvíková, Helena
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, third sector, and non-governmental organisations
Language:
English
Description:
This paper aims to describe the legislation of the social housing system in Slovakia and to analyse innovations in social housing provision. The paper contributes to the literature on innovative social housing solutions provided by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), or so-called third sector. The analysis reveals the main factors that may contribute to the success or failure of social innovations in housing provision by NGOs. Long-term community work, the education of future residents, and the participation of future residents in the construction of their homes are the main factors that support the spread of innovations in social housing. On the other hand, lack of cooperation from the government at all levels and low funding are the biggest constraining factors on innovation in social housing in Slovakia.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18. The Danish social housing sector: recent changes and future challenges

Creator:
Skovgaard Nielsen, Rikke and Deichmann Haagerup, Christian
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing and Denmark
Language:
English
Description:
With Denmark faring reasonably well through the global financial crisis, the policy changes to the social housing sector caused by the crisis have been limited. Nevertheless, changes have taken place nonetheless both in terms of policy and in the residential composition of the sector which policies are trying to react upon. This means that the sector is at a cross-road as this paper will show. The future remains uncertain; depending to a large extent on the application of the policies already in place and policy reactions to the current challenges.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

19. The French social housing sector at the crossroads of budgetary constraints and social missions

Creator:
Schaefer, Jean-Pierre
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, France, and housing finance
Language:
English
Description:
France has a high rate of production of new housing and the Global Financial Crisis has had little impact on a country of fixed-rate housing loans and strong guarantees for home-buyers. At the same time, the social rental sector, managed by a powerful network of public and private (not-for-profit) companies, has greatly increased its housing production thanks to the use of a financial mechanism that is independent of mainstream finance. Housing should be easily available throughout France. But this is not the case in the capital region and for some disadvantaged households. Critics regularly speak out against the deficiencies of French housing policies. Opponents of increased public spending consider that too much public money is being spent on this, while supporters of the free market say that the legal and institutional framework hinders private initiatives. Advocates of homeless people and low-income groups complain about the high cost of housing and segregation processes. This paper presents the debates and discussions regarding the pros and cons of housing policies in France at a time of severe budgetary constraints.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

20. The provision of socially minded housing in Cyprus: Examining historical references and addressing recent challenges from an architectural perspective

Creator:
Savvides, Andreas
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, immigration, housing design, and Cyprus
Language:
English
Description:
The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent challenges faced by stakeholders concerned with providing socially minded housing in Cyprus in view of the increased need for affordable housing in the five years after the financial crisis, which hit Cyprus in the spring of 2013 and impacted households. The demand was exacerbated by the influx of immigrants from South-eastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa in the same period. The paper discusses these challenges by examining the historical context of providing socially minded housing in Cyprus since the first institutional attempts were made in the years following the Second World War. The paper also presents some case studies, which are illustrated with design proposals that are the results of research in design by students and staff in the Department of Architecture of the University of Cyprus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public