Úvod: Kardiochirurgické výkony jsou zatíženy signifikantním rizikem vzniku ischemické cévní mozkové příhody (CMP), které se dle jednotlivých studií pohybuje mezi 1,3 a 3,6 %. Asymptomatické ischemické infarkty lze detekovat po kardiochirurgické operaci dokonce až u 32 % pacientů. Cílem studie je prokázat efekt sonolýzy (kontinuálního transkraniálního dopplerovského (TCD) monitoringu a. cerebri media (ACM)) u pacientů podstupujících kardiochirurgický výkon na snížení rizika vzniku nových ischemických lézí detekovaných pomocí magnetické rezonance (MR). Soubor a metodika: Do studie jsou zařazováni pacienti indikovaní k izolovanému aortokoronárnímu bypassu nebo k izolovanému výkonu na jedné srdeční chlopni. Pacienti jsou randomizováni do skupiny se sonolýzou (monitorování pomocí TCD) a kontrolní skupiny bez sonolýzy. U všech pacientů byla provedena MR mozku před výkonem a 24 hod po něm a byla hodnocena četnost výskytu, lokalizace a velikost nových ischemických změn po výkonu. Výsledky: Během 16 měsíců bylo zařazeno 78 pacientů (48 mužů, průměrný věk 63,7 ? 15,8 let), 35 pacientů bylo randomizováno do skupiny se sonolýzou, 43 pacientů do kontrolní skupiny. Ve skupině sonolýzy byly detekovány nové ischemické změny u osmi pacientů (23 %) – u pěti (14 %) v povodí pravé (stimulované) ACM, ale jen u dvou (6 %) větší než 0,5 cm3. V kontrolní skupině byly detekovány nové ischemické změny u 10 pacientů (23 %) – u osmi (19 %) v povodí pravé ACM, u pěti (12 %) větší než 0,5 cm3 (p > 0,05 ve všech případech). Závěr: Pilotní data studie prokázala trend k redukci počtu i objemu ischemických lézí mozku u pacientů se sonolýzou v průběhu kardiochirurgické operace., Background: Heart surgery is burdened with a significant risk of ischemic stroke. Asymptomatic cerebral infarctions can be detected in as many as 32% of patients after heart surgery. The aim of this study is to prove the efficacy of sonolysis (continual transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring) during open-heart surgery to decrease the risk of new brain infarctions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: Patients indicated to isolated coronary artery bypass or isolated one heart valve surgery were included in the study. Patients were randomized to a sonolysis group (TCD monitoring), and to a control group without sonolysis. All patients underwent brain MRI before and 24 hours after the surgery and the presence of new ischemic lesions was evaluated. Results: During 16 months, 78 patients (48 males, mean age 63.7 ? 15.8 years) were enrolled to the study. Thirty five patients were randomized to the sonolysis group and 43 to the control group. In the sonolysis group, new brain infarctions were found in eight (23%) patients – in the right (TCD-monitored) MCA territory in five patients (14%) but > 0.5 cm3 in two (6%) patients only. In the control group, new infarctions were found in 10 patients (23%) – in the right (TCD-monitored) MCA in eight (19%) patients and > 0.5 cm3 in five (12 %) (p > 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: Pilot study results showed a trend towards reduction in a number and volume of new brain ischemic lesions in patients treated with sonolysis during heart surgery. Key words: ultrasound – sonolysis – brain ischemia – coronary artery bypass graft – heart valve – magnetic resonance imaging – brain The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and E. Hurtíková, M. Roubec, M. Kuliha, A. Goldírová, J. Havelka, R. Brát, M. Bortlíček, R. Herzig, D. Školoudík
Spinální arteriovenózní malformace jsou skupina vzácných onemocnění, jejichž klinické projevy mohou být velmi rozmanité. Optimální léčebný postup je nutno vždy volit individuálně a pacienty směřovat do specializovaných center. Cílem sdělení je uvést přehlednou klasifikaci SAVM, jejich diferenciální diagnostiku a terapii a dále prezentovat dvě kazuistiky. První kazuistika se zmiňuje o případu 27letého muže, u kterého se rozvinuly silné bolesti bederní páteře s dominující meningeální symptomatikou v klinickém obraze. Na MR hrudního úseku páteře (Th11/12) byla nalezena AVM zásobovaná hypertrofickou radikulopiální tepnou. Na specializovaném pracovišti byla provedena úspěšná embolizace AV zkratu. Druhá kazuistika uvádí případ 41leté ženy, které vznikla při lyžování náhlá prudká bolest za krkem. V neurologickém obraze došlo k rozvoji inkompletní léze míšní s kvadruparézou s levostrannou akcentací do těžkého stupně s hranicí čití ve výši C1. Na provedeném MR a MRAG krční míchy a následně na DSA vertebrálních tepen byla detekována AVM zásobovaná levou arteria spinalis posterior. Terapeuticky byla indikována elektivní endovaskulární embolizace a pacientka byla ošetřena na specializovaném pracovišti ve Francii., Spinal arteriovenous malformations are a group of rare diseases with highly diverse clinical manifestations. The optimal therapeutic practice should always be selected individually and patients should be sent to specialized centres. The objective of this paper is to provide a structured classification of spinal AVMs, their differential diagnosis and therapy, and to present two case reports. The first report is concerned with a case of a 27-year-old man who developed severe pain in the lumbar spine with predominantly meningeal symptomatology. An AVM fed by a hypertrophic radiculopial artery was found on the thoracic spine (Th11/12) MR. A specialized centre performed successful embolization of an arteriovenous shunt. The second report presents a case of a 41-year-old woman, who felt sudden sharp pain in the neck while skiing. Neurologically, she developed an incomplete spinal cord lesion with quadriparesis with left-sided accentuation of severe intensity and sensation threshold at C1. The MR and MRAG of the cervical spinal cord and the following DSA of vertebral artery detected AVM fed by the left posterior spinal artery. Elective endovascular embolization was indicated and the patient was treated at a specialized institute in France., and T. Andrašinová, B. Adamová, A. Krajina, T. Andrašina
Účel studie: Retrospektivně jsme zpracovali výsledky léčby mozkových nádorů stereotaktickou radioterapií a radiochirurgií. Použité metody: Pacienti podstoupili plánovací CT a MR vyšetření. Poté bylo provedeno plánování cílového objemu a ozařovací techniky v BrainLab systému a pacienti byli ozářeni na X-noži Varian s vícelamelovým kolimátorem BrainLab. Radiochirurgie byla aplikována jednorázově s fixací ve stereotaktickém rámu. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili frakcionovanou stereotaktickou radioterapii, byli fixováni pomocí speciální stereotaktické masky. Statistické zpracování bylo provedeno ve spolupráci s Ústavem matematiky a statistiky PřF MU Brno. Výsledky: Celkem bylo ozářeno 101 pacientů s primárními mozkovými tumory. Nejčastěji se jednalo o meningeomy a high-grade gliomy. Medián sledování byl 22,4 měsíců. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili radiochirurgii, měli medián dávky 18 Gy. Pacienti, ozařovaní frakcionovaně, měli medián dávky 25 Gy. Toxicita léčby byla nízká. Stabilizace onemocnění byla zaznamenána u 68 % pacientů, parciální remisi dosáhlo 10 % a jeden pacient měl kompletní remisi. Závěr: Výsledky naší léčby jsou srovnatelné s publikovanými studiemi. Stereotaktické ozařovací metody mají své důležité místo v léčbě primárních tumorů mozku., We analysed retrospectively our treatment of primary brain tumors using stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery. Methods: Patients underwent CT and MR examinations. Target volume and technique were planned in BrainLab system. Patients were irradiated on X knife. Radiosurgery was apllied with fixation using stereotactic frame. Stereotactic mask was used in cases of stereotactic radiotherapy. Statistical processing was performed at Department of mathematics and statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk university Brno. Results: 101 paients were included in our study. In the most of cases there were diagnosis of meningeoma and high-grade glioma. Median follow up was 22,4 months. Median of dose of radiosurgery was 18 Gy. Patients, whose underwent stereotactic radiotherapy, were median of doses 25 Gy. Treatment toxicity was low. Stable disease was recorded in 68 % of cases, partial remission achieved in 10 % patients and one patient had the complete remission. Conclusion: Results of our study are comparable with results other publicated studies. Stereotactic treatment irradiation has the important role in the treatment of brain tumors., Hana Doleželová, Petr Pospíšil, Pavel Šlampa, Irena Čoupková, Jan Garčič, Pavel Fadrus, Tomáš Svoboda, Iveta Selingerová, Ivana Horová, and Literatura
Our case-based review focuses on limb salvage through operative management of Charcot neuroarthropathy of the diabetic foot. We describe a case, when a below-knee amputation was considered in a patient with chronic Charcot foot with a rocker-bottom deformity and chronic plantar ulceration. Conservative treatment failed. Targeted antibiotic therapy and operative management (Tendo-Achilles lengthening, resectional arthrodesis of Lisfranc and midtarsal joints, fixation with large-diameter axial screws, and plaster cast) were performed. On the basis of this case, we discuss options and drawbacks of surgical management. Our approach led to healing of the ulcer and correction of the deformity. Two years after surgery, we observed a significant improvement in patient's quality of life. Advanced diagnostic and imaging techniques, a better understanding of the biomechanics and biology of Charcot neuroarthropathy, and suitable osteosynthetic material enables diabetic limb salvage. and T. Kučera, P. Šponer, J. Šrot
Many aspects of surgical treatment of intestinal malrotation in children remain to be debatable. In the opinion of the majority of the specialists, surgical treatment is required after the diagnosis taking into account serious complications of intestinal malrotation. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis of surgical tactics and operative treatment method for isolated and associated intestinal malrotations in children. Material and methods. We observed 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with malrotation during the period of 2002 to 2013. Results. We presented the data from observing 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with various clinical-anatomic forms of intestinal malrotation over from 2002 to 2013. In 62 patients (50.4%), the evidences of the high intestinal obstruction were prevalent, while 61 (49.6%) showed signs of low intestinal obstruction. 116 patients (94,3%) were given operative intervention: radical – 95(81,9%) and palliative – 21 (18,1%). In 56 % of the cases, various simultaneous surgeries were required. There are proposed differential approaches in relation to anatomic form of malrotation and possibility of the fixation of large intestine in the physiological position. Conclusion. The results obtained from the operative treatment are presented. The lethal outcomes could be reduced from 54.7%, among the patients being observed from 2002 to 2010, to 16,7% in patients being operated during 2011 to 2013., Nasriddin Shamsiddinovich Ergashev, Jamoliddin Bahronovich Sattarov, and Literatura
Buddův-Chiariho syndrom je soubor onemocnění s velice heterogenním spektrem příčin vzniku podmíněný blokádou odtoku krve z jater. V tomto kazuistickém sdělení je popsán případ 32leté pacientky se symptomatickou stenózou jaterní žíly idiopatického původu, která byla léčena na našem pracovišti v letech 2014 a 2015. Žena trpěla refrakterním fluidothoraxem, přičemž po neúspěšné diuretické léčbě byla odeslána na angiointervenční oddělení naší nemocnice. Do stenotické pravé jaterní žíly, při hypoplastické střední a levé, byl implantován balonexpandibilní stent. Po 6 měsících bez obtíží se znovu objevila dušnost na podkladě fluidothoraxu, při provedené angiografii byla diagnostikována restenóza ve stentu a byla provedena dilatace balónkem. K dosažení regrese nebylo nutné vytvoření transjugulární portosystémové spojky (TIPS), ale postačilo pouze zavedení balonexpandibilního stentu, což se ukázalo jako dobré řešení pro tento vzácný typ Buddova-Chiariho syndromu., Budd-Chiari syndrome is a group of rare disorders with heterogenous spectrum of causes based on liver outflow blocation. There is a case report of a 32 year old female patient with syptomatic hepatic vein stenosis of idiopathic origin. She was treated in our department in 2014 and 2015. She suffered from refractory hydrothorax and after diuretic therapy was sent to angiointerventional unit of our hospital. The left and middle hepatic veins were hypoplastic. The stenotic right hepatic vein was treated with implantation of balloon expandable stent. After 6 months without symptoms she suffered from shortness of breath with hydro-thorax, on angiography in-stent restenosis was found and balloon dilatation was performed. To maintain regression of symptoms there was no need to perform transjugular portosystemic shunt, placement of balloonexpandable stent was sufficient and it seems to be good solution for this rare type of Budd-Chiari syndrome., Pavla Čabelková, Antonín Krajina, Vendelín Chovanec, Ondřej Renc, Petr Hůlek, Radan Brůha, and Literatura
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum. The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 20052009 years. Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years 54 patients, 60 and above years. The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurativeinflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%). The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients. The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same., H. B. Bobokulov, A. M. Hakimov, and Literatura
The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipoor aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga traced from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result., Mirzahmedov M. M., Ahmedov M. A., Sapaev D. A., and Literatura
The Purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of combined treatment for III AB stage of nonsmallcell lung cancer. Nonsmallcell lung cancer spread form treatment is disputable. Operation is not final solution. The combined treatment is being tested (in clinical trials) in this study. This article argues that a combination of treatment is a better option than that of a specific treatment. However, there is a need to find new effective options for combined treatment., Akhat Bukenov, Elena Gizbrekht, Ergaly Shauenov, Bekzhan Orazbayev, Kalmurat Razzakov, and Literatura