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52. Chování a role ryb v evropských nádržích a jezerech
- Creator:
- Říha, Milan
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, ryby, obojživelníci, plazi, životní prostředí, ekologie, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, environment, ecology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Článek shrnuje současné znalosti o distribuci ryb a její dynamice v našich přehradních nádržích. Především jsou popsány změny distribuce ryb v průběhu a mezi několika důležitými obdobími, jako je třecí období, období sběru potravy a zimní období. Dále je diskutován přínos současného rozvoje metodik vzorkování ryb k porozumění jejich distribučních vzorců., This paper summarizes current knowledge of fish distribution and its dynamics in Czech water reservoirs. The dynamics of fish distribution is described during the three periods, including spawning, feeding and wintering. And the importance of current fish sampling technique innovations for understanding fish distribution patterns is also discussed., and Martin Říha a kolektiv autorů.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
53. Chromosomal location of rDNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric repeats in eight species of the spittlebug genus Philaenus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Aphrophoridae)
- Creator:
- Maryanska-Nadachowska, Anna, Kuznetsova, Valentina G., and Karamysheva, Tatyana V.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Philaenus, Aphrophoridae, Auchenorrhyncha, FISH, Ag-NOR, rDNA, telomeres, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A cytogenetic investigation was performed in eight species of the spittlebug genus Philaenus using silver-NOR (AgNOR)-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes. This is the first application of FISH technique in the Auchenorrhyncha, a suborder of the Hemiptera. FISH along with the rDNA probe revealed differences between species in the number and chromosomal location of major ribosomal RNA gene sites, the so-called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). However, we found a lack of perfect correlation between the results of AgNOR-staining and rDNA-FISH in the detection of NORs. FISH with the telomeric probe confirmed that the chromosome ends of the Philaenus species are composed of the (TTAGG)n nucleotide sequence, which is a common motif of insect telomeres., Anna Maryanska-Nadachowska, Valetnina G. Kuznetsova, Tatyana V. Karamysheva., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
54. Claris verbis, claris imaginibus aneb Antická inspirace středověku slovem i obrazem /
- Creator:
- Hadravová, Alena,
- Subject:
- literatura středověká, vztahy středověk-antika, recepce antiky, zoologie, astronomie, umění výtvarné, světové dějiny středověku (do r. 1492), and literatura, spisovatelé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Claris verbis, claris imaginibus or Ancient Inspiration of the Middle Ages by Words and Images.
- Rights:
- unknown
55. Clonal variability in sequences of morph production during the transition from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction in the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)
- Creator:
- Maurice, Damien, Rispe, Claude, Simon, Jean-Christophe, and Hullé, Maurice
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, hmyz, Aphididae, Rhopalosiphum padi, zeměpisné klony, variabilita, přezimování, reprodukční strategie, parthenogeneze, pohlavnost, diapauza, vliv světla, vliv tepla, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Winter climate determines the success of the two main reproductive strategies employed by aphids. Permanent parthenogens survive as parthenogenetic females in mild winters, but are regularly eliminated by low temperatures; while cyclical parthenogens, which switch to sexual reproduction by the end of summer, produce every year fertilised diapausing eggs resistant to frost. We have studied the variation in sexual morph production of several clones of the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) showing both strategies. Twenty clones of this species differing by their geographic origin and their mode of reproduction were placed in two laboratory environments mimicking the changes of photoperiod and thermoperiod occurring naturally from the end of summer and during the autumn in oceanic and continental conditions. The analysis of clonal responses in both climatic conditions showed (i) a wide variation in investment of clones in sexual reproduction with, in particular, evidence for a mixed strategy employed by clones producing both sexuals without ceasing parthenogenetic reproduction, (ii) no geographic adaptation among clones belonging to cyclical parthenogenetic populations, (iii) an earlier production of sexuals in continental conditions and a higher production of males in oceanic conditions. Furthermore, we have compared the dates of first appearance of sexuals in our experiments with those occurring in the field based on a suction trap database and found that sexuals were caught in nature at least four weeks earlier than in the lab. These results underline the need for a better understanding of the influence of the whole array of environmental factors inducing the transition from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction in aphids., Maurice Hullé, Damien Maurice, Claude Rispe, Jean-Christophe Simon, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
56. Co je nového v zoologii. Pozor na šakala!
- Creator:
- Miloš Anděra
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, savci, mammals, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Šakal obecný (Canis aureus) je nový druh fauny savců České republiky. Na naše území se přirozenou cestou rozšířil z jihovýchodní Evropy. První věrohodný doklad pochází z Uherského Hradiště (2006), další pak z Brna (2009) a z Benešovska (střední Čechy, 2011). Řada dalších neověřených pozorování i nálezy z příhraničních oblastí Šumavy naznačují, že expanze druhu pokračuje., The Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) is a quite new member of the fauna of the Czech Republic. So far, three verified records in the environs of Uherské Hradiště (2006), Brno (2009) and Benešov (Central Bohemia, 2011) have been obtained. A number of other unverified observations and findings from the border areas of the Šumava Mountains (Bohemian Forest) suggest that the expansion of the species is ongoing., Miloš Anděra., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
57. Coccinellidae captured in blacklight traps: seasonal and diel pattern of the dominant species Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Christine A. Nalepa
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, Coccinella septempunctata, blacklight trap, ultraviolet, migration, phototaxis, flight-oogenesis, nocturnal, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two blacklight traps were operated in a non-agricultural setting in Cary, North Carolina, USA, from spring through fall in 2004 and 2005 and all Coccinellidae collected and identified. More than 1300 lady beetles were collected in each of the two years, with Harmonia axyridis dominant (> 98%) and collected consistently over the course of the trapping period. Although other coccinellid species were observed in the vicinity of the traps during photophase, their appearance in blacklight traps was negligible. Harmonia axyridis exhibited a distinct diel periodicity in appearance at the traps, beginning approximately an hour after sunset and ending about midnight. Sunrise and sunset collections from flight interference and sticky traps in a local alfalfa field suggest that H. axyridis may be more flight active during the scotophase than Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, and Coccinella septempunctata. This study supports the suggestion that blacklight traps give a biased depiction of coccinellid species composition in a given area, and indicates that seasonal and circadian thresholds for flight activity, phototaxis, or both in H. axyridis may diverge from those in most other Coccinellidae., Christine A. Nalepa., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
58. Cold hardiness in diapause and non-diapause larvae of the summer fruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Creator:
- Milonas, Panagiotis G. and Savopoulou-Soultani, Mathilde
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Third European Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (1998 : Birmingham, Česko), zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, hmyz, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana, teplotní biologie, odolnost k chladu, diapauza, aklimatizace, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cold hardiness of larvae of the summer fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana (Fischer von Rosslerstamm) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was examined in the laboratory. Supercooling point of field collected larvae increased significantly from a mean value of -23.9°C in February 1998 to -16.9°C in June 1998. Mean supercooling points for laboratory diapause and non-diapause larvae were -20.7°C and -17.2°C respectively. Short period of acclimation (10 days at 0°C) significantly decreased supercooling point to -24.7°C for laboratory diapause larvae. Acclimation for 12 days at 5°C decreased supercooling point to -19.4°C for non-diapause larvae. Pre-freeze mortality for diapause and non-diapause larvae was also studied. Constant exposure of diapause larvae at -5°C resulted in high mortality (63.1%) after a period of 30 days. in contrast, only 6 days at -5°C were sufficient to cause 100% mortality of non-diapause larvae. Mortality of non-diapause larvae reached 100% after 12 and 18 days at 0 and 5°C respectively. The importance of these findings for the overwintering strategy of A. orana is discussed., Panagiotis G. Milonas, Mathilde Savopoulou-Soultani, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
59. Cold storage affects mortality, body mass, lifespan, reproduction and flight capacity of Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Creator:
- Lins Jr, Juracy Caldeira, Bueno, Vanda Helena Paes, Sidney, Livia Alvarenga, Silva, Diego Bastos, Sampaio, Marcus Vinicius, Pereira, Janser Moura, Nomeliny, Quintiliano Siqueira Schroden, and Van Lenteren, Joop C.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Praon volucre, biological control, storage, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The possibility of storing natural enemies at low temperatures is important for the mass production of biological control agents. We evaluated the effect of different periods of cold storage on immature mortality, mummy body mass, lifespan, reproduction and flight capacity of the parasitoid Praon volucre (Haliday). One-day-old mummies of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) containing pre-pupae of P. volucre were stored in a climatic chamber at 5°C and 70 ± 10% RH in the dark for different periods of time (5, 10, 15 and 20 days). The control consisted of mummies kept at 22 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and a 12 h photophase. Percentage adult emergence, mummy body mass, flight capacity and number of eggs in the ovarioles of P. volucre females decreased with increase in the period of storage, while the longevity of females was only slightly affected. Fat content of mummies, percentage of parasitized aphids and survival of progeny to emergence decreased with increase in the period of storage. Storage of P. volucre pre-pupae for up to 5 days at 5°C did not affect any of the above mentioned parameters. The fact that P. volucre pre-pupae can be stored for 5 days without loss of quality and for 10 days with only a slight loss facilitates the planning of mass production and shipment., Juracy Caldeira Lins, Jr. ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
60. Cold tolerance strategy of the freeze-intolerant chrysomelid, Aulacophora nigripennis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in warm-temperate regions
- Creator:
- Watanabe, Masahiko and Tanaka, Kazuhiro
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Third European Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (1998 : Birmingham, Česko), zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, hmyz, Chrysomelidae, Aulacophora nigripennis, teplé oblasti, hibernace, teplotní stresy, chlad, tolerance k chladu, netolerance k chladu, netolerance k mrazu, myo-inositol, metabolismus myo-inositolu, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigated the physiological adaptations for winter survival in a freeze-intolerant chrysomelid, Aulacophora nigripennis, in warm-temperate regions. The adults showed a decreased supercooling point (SCP), increased chill tolerance and high myo-inositol content during winter. Chill tolerance at 0°C appears to be a more suitable indicator of their cold hardiness than SCP because they die at 0°C without freezing and normally an not exposed to subzero temperatures below their SCP., Masahiko Watanabe, Kazuhiro Tanaka, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public