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3. A karyological study of four European species of Roncus (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae)

Creator:
František Šťáhlavský, Christophoryová, Jana, and Henderickx, Hans
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Neobisiidae, pseudoscorpion, Roncus, karyotype evolution, sex chromosomes, meiosis, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
We present the results of the first study on the karyotypes of four European species of Roncus: Roncus alpinus L. Koch, 1873, Roncus lubricus L. Koch, 1873, Roncus transsilvanicus Beier, 1928 and Roncus sp. The diploid number was 2n = 23 in Roncus sp., 2n = 43 in R. alpinus and R. transsilvanicus and 2n = 45 in R. lubricus. Telocentric autosomes predominate in species with a high chromosome number and metacentric autosomes in Roncus sp. We assume that the ancestral situation for this genus is a high number of chromosomes. A low number of chromosomes is very likely a consequence of centric fusions, which have possibly played a very important role in karyotype evolution in the genus Roncus. All the species analyzed have the X0 sex chromosome system. The X chromosome is metacentric and is the smallest element in the karyotypes of all the species analyzed., František Šťáhlavský, Jana Christophoryova, Hans Henderickx., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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4. A Mediterranean population of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) exhibits wing morph-related differences in adipokinetic response

Creator:
Kodrík, Dalibor and Socha, Radomír
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, ploštice, Pyrrhocoridae, Pyrrhocoris apterus, křídla, dimorfismus křídel, neurohormony, adipokinetické hormony, funkce, 595.2/.7, and 591.1
Language:
English
Description:
Short-winged (brachypterous) and long-winged (macropterous) adult females of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) originating from a Mediterranean population (Israel) were analyzed for their adipokinetic responses. The adipokinetic response, expressed as an increase of haemolymph lipids after injection of adipokinetic hormone from Locusta migratoria (Lom-AKH-I), was assessed in relation to age and dose of the hormone. We demonstrate in this study that the adipokinetic responses induced by bug's corpora cardiaca extract and Lom-AKH-I were dose-dependent for both brachypterous and macropterous females. Significant differences between the morphs were recorded for doses >= 0.25 corpora cardiaca equivalent (P < 0.01) and doses >= 0.25 pmol Lom-AKH-I (P < 0.05). The haemolymph lipid elevations induced in both morphs by 2 pmols Lom-AKH-I are comparable with that induced by crude extract of one pair of the bug's own corpora cardiaca. The age-dependent test showed much higher adipokinetic responses (P < 0.01) in macropterous females (>= 5 days old) than in the brachypterous females of the same age, when treated with 2 pmols Lom-AKH-I. Starting from day 7, the concentration of haemolymph lipids was also considerably higher (2.5-5 times) in macropterous females than in the brachypterous ones. The obtained data indicate that difference in mobilization of lipids between brachypterous and macropterous females is a geographically independent feature and represents a true wing morph characteristic of P. apterus., Dalibor Kodrík, Radomír Socha, and Lit
Rights:
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5. A new genus and species of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) from Central Asia

Creator:
Knyshov, Alexander A. and Konstantinov, Fedor V.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, Heteroptera, Miridae, Orthotylinae, taxonomy, new genus, new species, Angulonotus grisescens, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Hyoidea
Language:
English
Description:
A new genus and new species, Angulonotus grisescens, is described from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and its taxonomic placement within the tribe Orthotylini is discussed. Illustrations of male and female genitalia, micrographs of selected characters, photographs of dorsal habitus, hosts and distributional records of this new taxon are provided. Comparisons are made with species of the genus Hyoidea Reuter, 1876., Alexander A. Knyshov, Fedor V. Konstantinov., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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6. A new method for the release of Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in young apple orchards

Creator:
Szabó, Árpád and Pénzes, Béla
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Acari, Phytoseiidae, Amblyseius andersoni, mite release, apple, mite management, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The use of phytoseiid species in biological plant protection is widespread. However, the techniques used to release them differ. The possible release of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1959) using a new method was tested. High numbers of this mite overwinter in the ground litter in Hungarian orchards. By transferring such ground litter to plots in young orchards, the population density was found to be significantly increased in the release compared to control plots; A. andersoni became the dominant phytoseiid species in the new orchard. Due to the rate at which it spreads, this species was also recorded in the control plots towards the end of the growing season (Aug., Sept.), at which time there was no significant difference in the numbers of this species in the treated and control plots. In the winter following release, A. andersoni was found in the ground litter of the orchard., Árpád Szabó, Béla Pénzes., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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7. A novel association between Aphaenogaster subterranea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the nymphs of Reptalus panzeri (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)

Creator:
Lörinczi, Gábor
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aphaenogaster subterranea, Hemiptera, Cixiidae, Reptaluls panzeri, ant-hemipteran, association, insect-insect relationship, myrmecophily, Fraxinus ornus, ash, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Gábor Lörinczi.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. A question of adaptability: climate and habitat change lower trait diversity in butterfly communities in south-western Germany

Creator:
Filz, Katharina J., Wiemers, Martin, Herrig, Anne, Weitzel, Matthias, and Schmitt, Thomas
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, species decline, community composition change, habitat specialisation, functional groups, community temperature index, fallows, south-western Germany, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Invertebrate diversity has rapidly declined throughout Europe during the last century. Various reasons for this decrease have been proposed including human induced factors like climate change. Temperature changes alter distributions and occurrences of butterflies by determining habitat conditions at different scales. We evaluated changes in the composition of butterfly communities recorded at nine areas of fallow ground in south-western Germany in 1973, 1986, 2010 and 2012 using Pollard’s transect technique. To demonstrate the importance of climatic changes in affecting butterfly communities, we calculated the community temperature index (CTI) for each butterfly community in each year. Although they increased slightly, the CTI-values did not match the temperature trends recorded in the study region. However, the reduction in the standard deviations of the CTIs over time is reflected in the marked loss of cold- and warm-adapted species due to their inability to cope with temperature and land-use induced habitat changes. Results of our butterfly surveys indicate a marked decline in species richness and striking changes in the composition of the butterfly communities studied. This trend was most pronounced for habitat specialists, thus mirroring a depletion in trait diversity. Our results indicate that, in the course of large-scale anthropogenic changes, habitat degradation at smaller scales will continuously lead to the replacement of habitat specialists by ubiquitous species., Katharina J. Filz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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9. Abundance and host associations of parasitoids attacking frugivorous drosophilids on Iriomote-jima, a subtropical island of Japan

Creator:
Novkovic, Biljana, Oikawa, Ayako, Murata, Yusuke, Mitsui, Hideyuki, and Kimura, Masahito T.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Asobara, Figitidae, Leptopilina, Diptera, Drosophilidae, Drosophila, parasitoid, host association, resistance, virulence, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
To understand the factors governing the diversity, abundance and host associations of parasitoids attacking frugivorous drosophilid flies on Iriomote-jima, a subtropical island of Japan, we monitored parasitism on several occasions over the period 2003–2009. Fifteen drosophilid and 12 parasitoid species were recorded. Three species of Drosophila, D. bipectinata, D. albomicans and D. takahashii, bred abundantly in banana baits, though their abundance varied between years and seasons. Frequent parasitoid species were Asobara japonica, A. pleuralis (Braconidae), Leptopilina ryukyuensis and L. pacifica (Figitidae). L. victoriae was recorded only in December 2003. In addition, host acceptance and host suitability of the four most frequently recorded parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory. Most parasitoid and drosophilid species showed species-specific associations with more than one antagonist species, suggesting that they have been subjected to complex coevolutionary interactions. In addition, host range of most of the parasitoid species included one of the three major Drosophila species, suggesting that the abundance of potential hosts is one of the factors determining the evolution of parasitoid host use., Biljan Novkovic ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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10. Activation of fat body in Periplaneta americana (Blattoptera: Blattidae) by hypertrehalosemic hormones (HTH): New insights into the mechanism of cell signalling

Creator:
Steele, John E.
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, Blattoptera, Blattidae, Periplaneta americana, hemolymfa, trehalosa, biosyntéza, kontrola biosyntézy, hypertrehalosemické hormony, mechanismus účinku, 595.2/.7, and 591.1
Language:
English
Description:
In cockroaches and certain other insects the concentration of trehalose in the hemolymph is increased by hypertrehalosemic hormone (HTH), a neuropeptide originating in the corpus cardiacum. A vital step in the action of HTH to promote conversion of glycogen stored in the fat body to trehalose is the activation of phosphorylase. The means by which HTH activates phosphorylase, with particular emphasis on its role in the regulation of intracellular calcium, is discussed. Additional information supporting the view that HTH stimulated synthesis of trehalose, and possibly its release from the trophocyte, is regulated by fatty acids and eicosanoids is presented., John E. Steele, and Lit
Rights:
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