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5354. Sdílení informací v systému zdravotní péče - teorie a praxe

Creator:
Šnoplová, Jana
Format:
50-52
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
reforma zdravotní péče--metody--normy--zákonodárství a právo, lékařská informatika--metody--normy--zákonodárství a právo, záznamy jako téma--normy--zákonodárství a právo, chorobopisy--normy--zákonodárství a právo, internet--organizace a řízení--využití--zákonodárství a právo, nemocniční komunikační systémy--organizace a řízení--zákonodárství a právo, zákonodárství jako téma--normy--využití, vládní programy--využití, and Evropská unie
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Článek se soustředí na hlavní požadavky a slabiny lékařské dokumentace v České republice. Analyzuje požadavky hlavních aktérů zdravotní politiky a také bere v úvahu profesionální a pacientský přístup k lékařské dokumentaci. Text se také zabývá zahraničními systémy vedení lékařské dokumentace., The article focuses on the main requirements and weak points in contemporary management of medical documentation in the Czech Republic. The issue is analyzed with regards to the main health policy actors and the analysis takes into account both the health professionals' and the patients' point of view.This study also deals with foreign systems of health information sharing and describes the origin and involvement of the main participants in the process. The public policy cycles of the health policy making is also underlined., and Jana Šnoplová
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5355. Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate cement, and glass ionomer cement in the repair of furcation perforations

Creator:
Singh, Prabath, Paul, Joseph, Al-Khuraif, Abdul Aziz, Vellappally, Sajith, Halawany, Hassan Suliman, Hashim, Mohamed, Abraham, Nimmi Biju, Jacob, Vimal, and Thavarajah, Rooban
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, srovnávací studie, techniky in vitro, časopisecké články, and TEXT
Subject:
sloučeniny hliníku--terapeutické užití, sloučeniny vápníku--terapeutické užití, fosforečnany vápenaté--terapeutické užití, zubní štěrbina--etiologie--prevence a kontrola, zubní dřeň--zranění, fixní kombinace léků, obnažení zubních kořenů--etiologie--terapie, skleněné ionomerní cementy--terapeutické užití, lidé, moláry--zranění, oxidy--terapeutické užití, and silikáty--terapeutické užití
Language:
English
Description:
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sealing ability of three repair materials. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Group A), calcium phosphate cement (CPC; Group B), and light cured glass ionomer cement (GIC; Group C) when used to repair the perforation created in the pulpal floor of fifty extracted human permanent molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparation of access openings and furcation perforations were done, and the teeth divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C) including two controls (D, E) with ten samples in each group randomly. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with composite resin and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration measured under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: The comparison of the linear length of micro-leakage (mm) among the experimental groups revealed no significant difference (p = 0.332). On calculating the percentage of depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 35.5% in Group A, 53.6% in Group B and the highest, 87.5% in Group C. The mean of leakage percentage was statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.003). The results indicated that the dye penetration used as furcation perforation repair material was least with mineral trioxide aggregate. Comparing the depth of penetration of dye, 50% of the Group A samples showed less than 25% of depth penetration. While 40% of Group B cases had more than 50% dye penetration. In our study, all Group C teeth had > or = 50% dye penetration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that GIC had the greatest dye penetration followed by CPC and MTA. Mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium phosphate cement had comparatively better sealing ability than glass ionomer cement. and P. Singh, J. Paul, AA. Al-Khuraif, S. Vellappally, HS. Halawany, M. Hashim, NB. Abraham, V. Jacob, R. Thavarajah
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5357. Secular trends and latitude gradients in sex ratios at birth in Czechoslovakia and the post-Czechoslovakian States

Creator:
Grech, Victor
Format:
braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, mužské pohlaví, ženské pohlaví, poměr pohlaví, statistika jako téma, porodnost--trendy, interpretace statistických dat, and populační dynamika
Language:
English
Description:
Latitude gradients and secular trends in Europe and North America have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births) which is expected to be 0.515. Annual national data for Czechoslovakia and the post-Czechoslovakian (Czech Republic and Slovakia) countries for male and female live births were obtained from the World Health Organisation and analysed with contingency tables. This study analysed 13,123,538 live births. An overall decreasing trend in M/F was found (p < 00001). No latitude gradient was noted. There was an overall deficit of 15,232 male births based on an M/F of 0.515. M/F is declining in this region, despite well developing economies that have resisted the worldwide slowdown. An interplay of several poorly understood factors is likely., Victor Grech, and Literatura 19
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5358. Secular trends and latitude gradients in sex ratios at birth in the former Soviet Republics

Creator:
Grech, Victor
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
Subject:
porodnost--trendy, interpretace statistických dat, ženské pohlaví, lidé, novorozenec, mužské pohlaví, poměr pohlaví, and Světová zdravotnická organizace
Language:
English
Description:
BACKGROUND: The male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births), which is anticipated to approximate 0.515, has been shown to exhibit latitude gradients and secular trends. METHODS: Annual national data for male and female live births for the 15 countries that comprise the former Soviet Union were obtained from the World Health Organisation for the period 1980-2009 (115,167,569 total live births) and analysed with contingency tables. Spearman correlation was also carried out to compare percentage annual gross domestic product growth (GDP%--downloaded from the World Bank) and M/F. In this context, GDP% is used as a measure for economic hardship or wellbeing within the populace. RESULTS: There have been overall highly significant secular increases in M/F (p < 0.0001) in the countries and regions investigated. M/F is significantly lower in the three more northern regions (Russian Federation, Baltic States and Central Asia. M/F 0.51324, 0.51335-0.51314) than the two more southern regions (Southern Caucasus and Eastern Europe. M/F 0.51654, 0.51635-0.51672). There was a male excess of 113,818 live births.There was a significant positive correlation between GDP% and M/F for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. There was a significant negative correlation in Estonia. CONCLUSION: Previous studies have shown that improving socioeconomic conditions increase M/F, and the converse has also been demonstrated. This is a potential influence in this geographical area since this region has relatively recently emerged from communist rule and experienced an overall economic upturn, but is only partially supported using GDP%. Another factor may be the selective termination of female pregnancies. The latitude gradient parallels that of neighbouring Europe but no theory has been put forward to convincingly explain this finding to date. and V. Grech
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5359. Secular trends and latitude gradients in the male-female ratio at birth in Yugoslavia and the ex-Yugoslavian States

Creator:
Grech, Victor
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
Subject:
porodnost--etnologie--trendy, ženské pohlaví, zeměpis, lidé, mužské pohlaví, sekularismus, poměr pohlaví, and epidemiologie
Language:
English
Description:
BACKGROUND: Latitude gradients and secular trends in Europe and North America have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births) which approximates 0.515. METHODS: Annual national data for Yugoslavia and the post-Yugoslavia States for male and female live births were obtained from the World Health Organisation and analysed with contingency tables. RESULTS: This study analysed 22,020,729 live births. There was a increasing trend in M/F prior to the breakup of the former Yugoslavia (1950-1990, p = 0.002), followed by a decreasing trend after 1990 (p = 0.02). A latitude gradient was also noted, with more males being born in southern, warmer latitudes (p < 0.0001). There was an overall excess of 42,753 male births based on an anticipated M/F of 0.515. CONCLUSION: M/F is decreasing in this region, similar to the rest of Europe and North America. A latitude gradient is also present with more males being born in warmer (more Southern) latitudes (p < 0.0001), even in this small region and over the short time-frame studied. and V. Grech
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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