The external morphology of Aphylidae was studied previously in detail by the two junior authors, including the description of unique derived structures formed by their lateral thoracico-abdominal region (the exponium). Here we provide an additional description of the external scent efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands of species in the genus Aphylum Bergroth, 1906 (based on scanning electron microscope study) and its connection with an autapomorphic aphylid thoracico-abdominal region, the exponium. The origins of exponial sclerites are discussed and function of the exponium is hypothesised as being part of a complex defensive mechanism in the Aphylidae., Petr Kment, Pavel Štys, Jitka Vilímová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The aim of our study was to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise on anthropome tric, biochemical and hormonal parameters and mRNA expression of selected factors involved in metabolic regulations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Fifteen obese wome n with arterial hypertension underwent a three-month exercise program consisting of 30 min of aerobic exercise 3 times a we ek. Fifteen healthy lean women with no intervention served as a control group. Obese group underwent anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy and 24-h blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after three months of exercise, while control group was examined only once. At baseline, obese group had increased SCAT expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines relative to control group. Three months of regular exercise improved anthropometric parameters, decreased CRP, blood glucose and HOMA-IR, while having no significant effect on lipid profile and blood pressure. Gene expressions in SCAT were not affected by physical activity with the exce ption of increased aquaporin-3 mRNA expression. We conclude that three months of regular exercise decrease systemic subc linical inflammation with only minor influence on the blood pressure and the endocrine function of subcutaneous fat., P. Trachta, J. Drápalová, P. Kaválková, V. Toušková, A. Cinkajzlová, Z. Lacinová, M. Matoulek, T. Zelinka, J. Widimský Jr., M. Mráz, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Three new species of Cobitis C. fasciola sp. nov., C. crassicauda
sp. nov. and C. stenocauda sp. nov. are found from the River Xinjiang and the River Le’anjiang, tributaries of Lake Poyang, belonging to the River Yangtze system, Jiangxi Province, China. These cobitid fish are described based on the morphology features such as the pigmentation pattern, shape of lamina circularis, body scales, mouth character and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene, which can be used for molecular identification and diagnosis of these species. Illustrations of the morphology characters of new species are given, and phylogenetic analysis identifies
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) lineages closely related to these cobitid fish. Traditional taxonomy of cobitid fish of the subfamily Cobitinae is discussed based on the recent molecular phylogenies of these cobitid fish.
Morphology features and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt
b) gene were analyzed of the species Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 from the River Pearl basin of China. Three new species of C. leptosoma sp. nov., C. wumingensis sp. nov.,and C. obtusirostra sp. nov. were described. C. leptosoma is distinguishable from its congeners by a long knife-shaped lamina circularis; a sharp and nearly filamentous tip of the pectoral-fin ray in males; four Gambetta pigment lines, L2 usually being absent, L5 consisting
of 10-12 oval blotches; and a round or oblong spot smaller than or equal to the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle. C. wumingensis
is distinguishable by small barbels, maxillo-mandibular barbels shorter than eye diameter; a long fingerlike lamina circularis; a sharp and nearly filamentous tip of the pectoral-fin ray in males; L5 showing sexual dimorphism; a deeper bluish band pigment in females; a surface pigment with 13-14 blotches in males; and a conspicuous jet-black roundish spot smaller than or equal to the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle.
C. obtusirostra is distinguished by a cystiform lamina circularis; a sharp and
nearly filamentous tip of the pectoral-fin ray in males; L5 consisting of 8-10 rounded blotches; and a conspicuous jet-black arcuate spot smaller than the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle.
Patch clamp recordings carried out in the inside-out configuration revealed activity of three kinds of channels: nonselective cation channels, small-conductance K+ channels, and large-conductance anion channels. The nonselective cation channels did not distinguish between Na+ and K+. The unitary conductance of these channels reached 28 pS in a symmetrical concentration of 200 mM NaCl. A lower value of this parameter was recorded for the small-conductance K+ channels and in a 50-fold gradient of K+ (200 mM/4 mM) it reached 8 pS. The high selectivity of these channels to potassium was confirmed by the reversal potential (-97 mV), whose value was close to the equilibrium potential for potassium (-100 mV). One of the features of the large - conductance anion channels was high conductance amounting to 493 pS in a symmetrical concentration of 200 mM NaCl. The channels exhibited three subconductance levels. Moreover, an increase in the open probability of the channels at voltages close to zero was observed. The anion selectivity of the channels was low, because the channels were permeable to both Cl - and gluconate - a large anion. Research on the calcium dependence revealed t hat internal calcium activates nonselective cation channels and small-conductance K+ channels, but not large - conductance anion channels., M. Koselski, A. Olszewska, A. Hordyjewska, T. Małecka-Massalska, K. Trebacz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Three-dimensional electrogram was used for analysis of ischemia manifestation in isolated hearts. Three parameters based on spherical coordination system were used in this study - amplitude of electrical heart vector, its azimuth and elevation. The parameters were presented as a trend. This approach reflected ischemic changes in a manner which can be easily observed and evaluated. Ischemia was analysed in seven isolated hearts of New Zealand white rabbits. It was found that (a) ischemia changes heart electric vector, (b) ischemic preconditioning has a protective effect, and (c) both of these findings can be clearly observed by the proposed method., O. Janoušek ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy