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2042. Autosomal recessive mutations affecting body colour in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
- Creator:
- Sláma, Karel
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- recessive mutations, white (w), yellow (y), melanotic (m), trihybrid crosses, pteridine pigments, melanins, recessive epistasis, and Pyrrhocoris apterus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Genetic characteristics of the first three mutants found in P. apterus L.; white (w/w) 1965, yellow (y/y) 1966 and melanotic (m/m) 1973 have been described in detail. Exact Mendelian proportions of 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 in all standard test crosses and absence of sexual linkage revealed that each of these mutations was inherited as a single autosomal recessive gene. The dihybrid and trihybrid crosses showed that the w gene is epistatic over y. The absence of linkage shows that each of the described mutant genes is situated on a different chromosome. During 30 years of sustained rearings of P. apterus, the white (w/w) and yellow (y/y) mutants never originated de novo, whereas the melanotic (m/m) mutants originated independently from the macropterous strain three times. Triple recessive (w y m) white melanotic strain has been maintained and used for some genetic investigations for over 20 years.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2043. Autosomal univalents as a common meiotic feature in Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1847) and Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius, 1775) (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae)
- Creator:
- Bressa, María José, Papeschi, Alba G., Mola, Liliana, and Larramendy, Marcelo L.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- So far, available cytogenetic data on 24 species of Rhopalidae reveal a male diploid chromosome number of 13, with a pair of m chromosomes and an X0/XX (male/female) sex chromosome determining system. As a rule Heteroptera have holokinetic chromosomes and a pre-reductional type of meiosis: the autosomal bivalents and the m pseudobivalent segregate reductionally at first meiotic division, while the X chromosome segregates equationally. In the present study, the meiotic chromosome behaviour was analyzed in males from different Argentinean populations of Jadera haematoloma and J. sanguinolenta. Our results corroborate the diploid chromosome number and general patterns of male meiosis previously reported by other authors in samples from Brazil and Texas (USA). Among bivalents, one is remarkably larger and may present one or two terminal chiasmata. Comparison of mean chiasma frequency between Jadera haematoloma (5.63) and J. sanguinolenta (5.14) revealed that differences are significant. In most individuals of both species the largest pair appears as univalents in a variable number of cells and shows a regular meiotic segregation. Autosomal univalents orientate axially at metaphase I (with their long axis parallel to the spindle axis) and segregate equationally at anaphase I. At metaphase II they associate end-to-end forming a pseudobivalent that segregates reductionally at anaphase II. An hypothesis is suggested to explain the appearance of the largest pair, either as a ring/rod bivalent or as univalents within the same individual, although an asynaptic or desynaptic origin of the univalents cannot be ascertained. The highly regular meiotic behaviour of this autosomal pair could ensure a high fertility of the individuals, and could be considered a selectively neutral condition or, at least, not detrimental.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2044. Autumn staging and habitat selection by common cranes Grus grus in the Hortobágy National Park, Hungary
- Creator:
- Végvári, Zsolt
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- flocking behaviour, food availability, and staging-over area
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The feeding area selection of the common crane was studied between 1996–1998 in the Hortobágy National Park and surrounding areas during the autumn migration and staging over period. The cranes roosted in marshlands and drained fishponds and fed in the following types of agricultural areas: maize stubble, maize-, wheat-, alfalfa-, and abandoned fields as well as natural grasslands. The largest proportion of crane flocks fed on maize stubbles on waste grain. Family flocks usually fed separately. The type of feeding area did not depend on the time of the day. The density of feeding flocks did not depend on the type of feeding area, indicating high abundance of food. The study suggests that agricultural areas inside the National Park should be used for growing maize for staging cranes in order to attract them from disturbed non-protected arable lands outside the National Park. It is also important to stop wildfowl-hunting in fishponds to let cranes choose between more roost sites closer to feeding areas.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
2045. Autumn-winter diet and fat reserves of wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabiting forest and forest-farmland environment in south-western Poland
- Creator:
- Merta, Dorota, Mocała, Patrycja, Pomykacz, Marta, and Françkowiak, Witold
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- agricultural food, forest food, kidney fat index, carcass weight, metabolized energy, and stomach content
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Diet, carcass weight (dressed weight) and kidney fat index (KFI) in wild boar populations were compared between two different lowland environments in south-western Poland. In the forest-farmland environment of the Lasy Śląskie forest (LS), fodder root crops and cereals made up 67.6 % of the dry weight (d.w.) of stomach content (n = 40). In the large compact forest of the Bory Dolnośląskie forest (BD), 69.6 % of the stomach content (n = 43) was made up of roots and browse. Piglets and older animals harvested in BD were significantly lighter than those harvested in LS (13.6 kg vs. 25.6 kg and 47.3 kg vs. 55.9 kg respectively). The KFI of piglets and older animals harvested in LS were significantly higher than those incorresponding age classes of wild boars from BD. The metabolized energy of stomach content amounted to 13.2 MJ/kg d.w. in LS and 8.9 MJ/kg d.w. in BD. This is probably the chief cause of the differences in carcass weight and KFI between the wild boars living in the compared study areas.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2046. Autumnal habitat use of non-native pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and associations with native fish species in small English streams
- Creator:
- Klaar, Megan, Copp, Gordon H., and Horsfield, Richard
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- electivities, canonical correspondence analysis, invasiveness, lag-phase, establishment, condition index, and Sussex Ouse
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Habitat use of introduced pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus in small European streams has received little study despite the species’ potential associations to native fauna of conservation and angling amenity, e.g. brook lamprey Lampetra planeri, European bullhead Cottus gobio, brown trout Salmo trutta. We examined body size, relative body condition, habitat use and species-species associations of pumpkinseed with accompanying fishes in two small streams in southern England during August 2001. Pumpkinseed body condition decreased with pumpkinseed density; the latter correlated with % clay and % riparian grasses in fish 92 mm FL. Most pumpkinseed size classes occurred more often than expected in stretches with conspecifics and with brown trout >300 mm FL; densities of the latter did not correlate with any habitat variables. Indeed, correlations between trout densities and habitat variables were observed mainly in smaller size classes. Habitat associations in other species corresponded to known levels of rheophily; substratum, channel slope, channel width and riparian trees were also important habitat variables. Pumpkinseed dispersal and establishment under conditions of climatic change, which could have ecological and management ramifications, are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
2047. Auxinová maxima a jiné životní gradienty
- Creator:
- Hužvárová, Marina
- Format:
- Type:
- article, rozhovory, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, akademie věd, academies of science, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- We feature an interview with Professor Eva Za2imalova, a member of the Academy Council and the head of the Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation in Plants at the Institute of Experimental Botany of the ASCR. From 2007 to 2012 she was director of this institute. Her research is in the fields of auxin and cytokinins (mode of action of auxin. auxin binding site(s), regulation of levels of auxins and cytokinins in relation to cell division and elongation and themechanism of polar transport of auxin). and Marina Hužvárová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2048. Avascular necrosis of stapes crura in one case of operated otosclerosis
- Creator:
- Erdoglija, Milan, Sotirovic, Jelena, Jacimovic, Violeta, and Vukomanovic, Biserka
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- dospělí, lidé, mužské pohlaví, nekróza, otoskleróza--patologie--chirurgie, třmínek--patologie, and chirurgie třmínku
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Unilateral otosclerosis combined with avascular necrosis of stapes crura is a rare entity. It should be considered in a case of high grade otosclerosis. Symptoms are the same as in patients who suffer from common otosclerosis. Patients complain on progressive hearing loss and tinnitus. The diagnosis is made clinically by conventional audiologic evaluation and radiologically by x-ray mastoid Schuller's view and CT scan. HRCT scan makes visible all parts of ossicular chain and gives surgeon some information about ossicular chain damage. Surgery with stapedotomy and stapes prosthesis implantation in a case of otosclerosis with avascular necrosis of stapes crura can be success therapy to improve patient's hearing and M. Erdoglija, J. Sotirovic, V. Jacimovic, B. Vukomanovic
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2049. Avastin v léčbě nemalobuněčné plicní rakoviny
- Creator:
- Bittenglová, Radka and Pešek, Miloš
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, nemalobuněčný plicní karcinom--farmakoterapie, monoklonální protilátky, receptor 2 pro vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor, bevacizumab, blokáda VEGF, přežití bez progrese, and celkové přežití
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- 63letý pacient, hypertonik, celoživotní kuřák, byl na kliniku TRN FN Plzeň přijat pro tumor pravé plíce zjištěný pro bolesti v pravém hemitoraxu. Na základě stážování byla stanovena diagnóza adenokarcinomu pravé plíce s generalizací do obou plic a levé nadledviny, st. IV. Byla zahájena chemoterapie Paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) – Carboplatina (AUC) – Avastin (15 mg/kg) v rámci studie SAIL firmy Roche s velmi dobrou tolerancí. Po 3. cyklu chemoterapie byla potvrzena parciální remise dle CT hrudníku, dále pokračováno ve stejném schématu chemoterapie s Avastinem do 6. cyklu. Kontrolní CT hrudníku prokázalo další regresi tumoru. Vzhledem k velmi dobrému efektu podávané léčby bylo dále pokračováno v monoterapii Avastinem v třítýdenních intervalech zatím do 22 cyklů. Po 22 měsících léčby s Avastinem bylo dosaženo trvající parciální remise nálezu dle PET/CT trupu, pacient je klinicky zcela bez potíží, neomezen v běžném životě, tedy s velmi dobrou kvalitou života (KS 90 bodů), bez vedlejších nežádoucích účinků Avastinu. Chemoterapie již nemá potenciál pro další prodlužování přežití, je tedy potřebné hledání nových léčebných strategií. Avastin jako inhibitor angiogeneze vede poprvé k prodloužení celkového přežití nad 12 měsíců. Významné prodloužení přežití bez progrese onemocnění (PFS) umožňuje delší přežití bez zhoršení symptomů., A 63-year-old hypertensive patient, a life-long smoker, presented to the Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease of the Plzeň Teaching Hospital with a right-lung tumour detected due to pain in the right hemithorax. Based on staging, a diagnosis of stage IV right lung adenocarcinoma with generalization into both lungs and the left adrenal gland was made. Chemotherapy with Paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) – Carboplatin (AUC) – Avastin (15 mg/kg) was initiated within the SAIL study of the Roche company with very good tolerance. Following the third chemotherapy cycle, partial remission was confirmed based on CT of the chest; the same chemotherapy regimen with Avastin was continued for six cycles. Follow-up CT of the chest revealed further tumour regression. Given the very good effect of the treatment administered, monotherapy with Avastin was continued in three-week intervals for 22 cycles so far. Following 22 months of Avastin treatment, sustained partial remission was achieved according to PET/CT of the trunk; the patient is clinically free of complaints, without limitations in everyday life, thus with a very good quality of life (KS of 90) and free of adverse effects of Avastin. Chemotherapy has no more potential for further extension of survival; therefore, new therapeutic strategies have to be looked for. As an angiogenesis inhibitor, Avastin leads to an extension of overall survival beyond 12 months. A significant extension of progression-free survival (PFS) enables longer survival without deterioration of symptoms., Radka Bittenglová, Miloš Pešek, and Lit.: 2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2050. AVASTIN® – nová indikace u osvědčeného léčiva
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, zprávy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, ženské pohlaví, monoklonální protilátky humanizované--terapeutické užití, inhibitory angiogeneze--terapeutické užití, nádory děložního čípku--farmakoterapie, kombinovaná farmakoterapie, schvalování léčiv, paclitaxel--terapeutické užití, cisplatina--terapeutické užití, topotekan--terapeutické užití, and bevacizumab
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public