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25692. Střevní volvulus způsobený požitím magnetických kuliček: neočekávané riziko u dětí

Creator:
Kubačková, Dáša, Nosek, Josef, Třeška, Vladislav, Vacek, V., and Pizingerová, Kateřina
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
volvulus intestini--diagnóza--etiologie--chirurgie, hospitalizace, bolesti břicha--diagnóza--etiologie--chirurgie, cizí tělesa--chirurgie--komplikace, magnety, střevo tenké--chirurgie--patologie, nemoci ilea--diagnóza--etiologie--chirurgie, předškolní dítě, ženské pohlaví, and lidé
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Úvod: Přítomnost spolknutých cizích těles v zažívacím traktu patří mezi časté problémy u dětí. Nejčastější výskyt je u dětí od 6 měsíců do 5 let. Většina spolknutých předmětů vyjde per vias naturales, 10–20 % spolknutých těles vyžaduje endoskopické vynětí. Závažné a život ohrožující stavy způsobují spolknutá cizí tělesa asi v 1 % všech případů. Kazuistika: Jedná se o případ dvouleté dívky, u které byla diagnostikována náhlá příhoda břišní, pro niž byla operována. Peroperačně byl nalezen volvulus tenkého střeva a několik střevních píštělí. Příčinou tohoto nálezu byly spolknuté magnetické kuličky a k nim magnetickou silou přitažené spolknuté kovové těleso. Závěr: V případě spolknutí více než jednoho magnetického tělesa je nutné pacienta hospitalizovat a endoskopicky cizí tělesa extrahovat. Neměnící se poloha magnetů v průběhu 24–48 hodin v místě nedostupném pro endoskop je indikací k akutní operaci., Introduction: The occurrence of swallowed foreign bodies in the digestive system is a common problem in children with the highest incidence in children aged six months to five years. Most swallowed objects leave the human body per vias naturales while 10–20% of swallowed foreign bodies need to be removed with an endoscope. Serious and life-threatening situations are caused by the ingestion of foreign bodies in about 1% of all cases. Case report: The authors present a case of a two-year-old girl diagnosed with acute abdomen for which she was operated on. A small bowel volvulus and several intestinal fistulas were found intraoperatively. The cause of this finding was the ingestion of magnetic balls and a swallowed metal body drawn to them by magnetic force. Conclusion: If more than one magnetic body is ingested, it is necessary to admit the patient to hospital and to remove these foreign bodies using an endoscope. The position of the magnets which is not changing in a location inaccessible for an endoscope during 24−48 hours is an indication for urgent operation., and D. Kubačková, J. Nosek, V. Třeška, V. Vacek, K. Pizingerová
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25693. Striatal Level of Regulation of Learned Forepaw Movements in Rats

Creator:
Zhuravin, I. A., Dubrovskaya, N. M., and Plesneva, S. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Striatum, Cholinergic systém, Adenylyl cyclase, Learning, Reaching movement, Rat, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The role of the striatal adenylyl cyclase (AC) and cholinergic systems in the learning and expression of new forepaw movements (reaching with prolonged pushing on a fixed piston) was studied in male Wistar rats. Motor learning processes, prenatal hypoxia, and cholinergic drugs changed the properties of the AC system in the striatum. After learning, the striatal basal AC activity was decreased compared to untrained control rats. In addition, the AC activity was more decreased in animals with a good ability to learn compared to poor learners (up to 31 % and 51 %, correspondingly; p<0.01). Rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia (13-14th days of embryogenesis) had a lower ability to learn the new movements requiring tactile control and the striatal AC activity in these rats was 1.8 times higher (p<0.001) than controls. In vitro application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CARB) 10-5 M (corresponding to ~ 0.3 µg), as well as the antagonist scopolomine (SCOP) 10-5 M (~ 0.3 µg) decreased AC activity in the synaptosomal fraction of the striatum. In vivo injections of CARB (0.3-3 µg/1µl) or SCOP (0.3-3 µg/1µl) into the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) modified the newly learned sensorimotor skill. After CARB injections the rats performed slower movements with more prolonged pushing. After SCOP the rats could not retain the learned pushing movement. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that the cholinergic mediator system of the striatum is involved in learning sensory-controlled forepaw movements as well as the regulation of new motor skills by modulating the AC signal transduction process in the striatum. The data confirmed that modification of the striatal AC system resulted in the modulation of reaching behavior and better expression of the learned reflex., I. A. Zhuravin, N. M. Dubrovskaya, S. A. Plesneva., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

25694. Stříbrná medaile Senátu

Creator:
Svoboda, Luděk
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Česko., Parlament., Senát, ceny a vyznamenání, věda, kultura, sport, awards, science, culture, sports, Česko, Czechia, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Luděk Svoboda. and Autor je podepsaný šifrou "Isd"
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25696. Stříbrná stezka: česko-německá přeshraniční spolupráce v praxi

Creator:
Novotný, Lukáš
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Czech Republic, Saxony, Silver Road, cross-border cooperation, Czech-German relations, and mining
Language:
Czech
Description:
Cross-border cooperation between Czechs and Germans is currently evolving in numerous areas. In recent years, the mining tradition has become the common denominator of cross-border activities in the Ore Mountains region. The study deals with this aspect of Czech-Saxon cross-border cooperation primarily from the perspective of regional development and tourism. It focuses on the Silver Road and its role in contemporary Czech-Saxon cross-border activities. As a symbol of shared heritage, the Silver Road exemplifies the so-called spatial turn, i.e. the cultural-social dimension of cross-border cooperation. The article seeks to present the Silver Road as an example of cross-border cooperation in tourism/destination management and to enrich that cooperation based on a survey of local residents. It strives to determine the importance of the role in public awareness played by this specific tourism product, namely the Silver Road and the mining heritage as a whole, what Czechs and Saxons know about this local tradition and the neighbouring country’s traditions. It is concluded by summarizing the potentials and deficits of the Silver Road’s destination management. The study presents the results of a questionnaire survey implemented in mid-2016 which focused on the mining theme and its potential for Czech-Saxon cross-border activities and cooperation. The survey targeted local residents in communities along the Silver Road. 350 questionnaires were collected in the Czech Republic and 550 in Saxony. Quota sampling was applied, with minor deviations in terms of age and distribution of the population in the Czech sample due to the Silver Road’s small geographical coverage. Since the stakeholders on both sides of the border are planning to include these sites in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, we need to study the attitudes of local residents to determine whether this is lived heritage. The article demonstrates that the mining theme plays an important role in the practice of cross-border cooperation between the Czech Republic and the Free State of Saxony. A cross-border activity with such high ambitions as UNESCO listing cannot be found elsewhere in the Czech borderland. While the Saxon side exhibits a considerably higher intensity of cross-border activities, Ore Mountains residents in both countries are little aware of the ways the mining heritage is being developed in the neighbouring country. Most of the respondents do not know the neighbouring country’s mining heritage sites. Based on this finding, we argue that cross-border marketing communication needs to be improved, and this applies both to the Saxon institutions dealing with regional development and tourism and to entities at the level of the Karlovy Vary and Ústí nad Labem regions. Moreover, CzechTourism, as the key agency of central government responsible for marketing communication and destination management in the Czech Republic, should probably get involved in these activities as well. Finally, cross-border destination management needs to be encouraged. Bilingual activities should perhaps be undertaken because the language barrier continues to pose a relatively major obstacle to Czech-Saxon cross-border cooperation, a fact also revealed by previous studies. In addition to these promotional activities, marketing communication needs to be elaborated more comprehensively to better tap the possibilities of new media. Inspiration can be drawn from similar activities or areas with cross-border destination management.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

25697. Stříbrné pamětní medaile Senátu

Creator:
Svoboda, Luděk
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Česko., Parlament., Senát, ceny a vyznamenání, věda, vědci, awards, science, scientists, Česko, Czechia, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Luděk Svoboda. and Autor je podepsaný šifrou "Isd"
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25700. striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena (Hyaenidae, Carnivora) rediscovered in Amenia

Creator:
Khorozyan, Igor, Malkhasyan, Alexander, and Murtskhvaladze, Marine
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
sex, age, population, Meghri district, and Caucasus
Language:
English
Description:
The striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758) is globally categorised as “Near Threatened” and is nearly extinct in the Caucasus. In Armenia, the last published record dates back to 1925 and the last trustworthy sighting was in the late 1940s. Here, a dead hyaena is described which was found in 2010 near the Nrnadzor village in the extreme south of Armenia. Its skull was investigated, age was estimated by several methods (cementum layers, tooth eruption, fusion of cranial sutures, pulp cavity closure and tooth wear) and sex was determined from the sagittal, occipital and nuchal crests and by genotyping of skin DNA. The specimen was found out to be a female aged ca. 17-18 months. As this is the age of disperal and females play a pivotal role in the social life of this carnivore, the possibilities for recolonization and establishment of hyaena population in the Meghri district of southern Armenia are discussed. This area holds sufficient prey base and suitable arid landscapes for survival of this species. The recent record of another individual’s fresh tracks on sand near Nrnadzor supports this hypothesis. Usability of different techniques of sex determination and age estimation in the striped hyaena is considered.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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