The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) is a near threatened large carnivore having a wider distribution range than other hyenas. However, very little information is available about its status and ecology. In the present study, we assessed the current status and population density of striped hyenas in the semi-arid tropical forests of the Gir National Park and Sanctuary, India. The density of striped hyenas was
estimated through individual identification using a photographic capture-recapture framework. With an effort of 600 trap nights, 24 individual hyenas
were identified with an average trapping effort of 17.6 per hyena photograph. The estimated density (individual/km² ± SE) for central zone
was 0.04 ± 0.01, for eastern zone 0.12 ± 0.03, for National Park 0.08 ± 0.05,
and for western zone 0.02 ± 0.01, while the estimated mean density was 0.07 ± 0.03. We discuss the results of this study in relation to the distribution of hyenas in the Gir National Park and Sanctuary, which provides them a safe denning refugia and dietary requirements. Striped hyenas are under continuous pressure of various threats that directly or indirectly affect its occurrence and abundance, and lack of reliable status of their populations makes it extremely difficult to develop and implement an effective conservation plan to arrest the inferred decline. Very few studies have been conducted so far on this species and our findings may provide some useful information for its conservation in India and elsewhere.
Stať se zabývá občanskoprávní problematikou spojenou se stromy z hlediska věcného statusu a v souvislosti s úpravou sousedských práv.V českém občanském zákoníku je celkem 15 paragrafů dotýkajících
se bezprostředně stromů: buď o nich normují výslovně, anebo obecnějšími výrazy (rostliny, sad, les, životní prostředí aj.). Co je strom, občanský zákoník nedefinuje a vychází z jeho obecného chápání (dřevina s kmenem vytvářejícím korunu).V textu se podrobněji řeší pojetí stromu jako součásti a plodu pozemku; stať se dále věnuje právním otázkám přírůstku a případům, kdy strom existuje jako samostatná věc movitá. Autor se zaměřil na výjimky z obecných pravidel, kdy je vlastnické právo k porostu od vlastnického práva kpozemku odděleno. Zvlášť se věnuje lesním školkám a sazenicím stromů v pěstírnách obchodních zahradnictví. Pokud jde o problematiku stromů v úpravě sousedského práva, poukazuje se na problematiku imisí,
zesílenou ochranu stromů i vlastníka proti invazivním zásahům a rozebírá se rovněž nová úprava umožňující sousedovi preventivně zasáhnout proti sázení stromů v těsné blízkosti hranice pozemků. and The paper deals with civil law issues associated with trees in terms of their material status and in connection with the adjustment of neighbours’ rights. The Czech Civil Code contains a total of 15 sections dealing directly with trees, providing normative statements either explicitly, or in more general terms (plants, orchard, forest, environment, etc.). The Civil Code does not define what a tree is, and is based on its general understanding (tree with trunk forming a crown). The text addresses the concept in more detail the issue of tree as a part of the fruit of the land; the paper also focuses on the legal issues of increment and on cases where tree exists as an independent movable property. The author has focused on the exceptions to the general rule, when the ownership of the crop is separated from the ownership of land. The text deals especially with forest nurseries and seedlings of trees in plantations of gardening business.Regarding the issue of trees in neighbourly rights, it highlights the problems of air pollution, enhanced protection of trees and the rights of the owner against invasive interventions as well as the new rules which allow the neighbour to act preventively against planting trees close to the frontier lands.