V naší fauně jsou známy dva původní druhy suchozemských neparazitických ploštěnců (Microplana terrestris a M. humicola) a další dva nepůvodní druhy se pravidelně vyskytují ve sklenících (Bipalium kewense a Rhynchodemus sylvaticus). Výskyt druhého z nepůvodních druhů je pravděpodobný i ve volné přírodě., Two native species of free-living terrestrial flatworms (Microplana terrestris and M. humicola) are known in the wild of the Czech Republic and two other non-native species (Bipalium kewense and Rhynchodemus sylvaticus) have been repeatedly recorded in the greenhouses. The occurrence of the later non-native species is also likely in the outdoors., and Michal Horsák.
The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is ventricular fibrillation (VF). In addition to the status, size and location of the ventricular focus, a major pathogenic mechanism triggering VF is autonomic dysbalance (d isturbance). This term refers to a wide range of reflex changes in the ratio of sympathetic to vagal ventricular activation over time, occurring immediately after coronary artery occlusion at the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Another trigger of VF is autonomic disturbance due to emotional stress. Experimental and clinical research into autonomic disturbances associated with coronary artery occlusion and emotional stress was given considerable attention as early as some 30 years ago when researchers were already searching for ways of inhibiting autonomic disturbances using predominant sympathetic and vagal activation by beta-blockers (BB) and atropine, respectively. The aim of our paper is to compare results obtained 30 years ago with current status of experimental and clinical research into SCD preven tion. Another aim is to identify questions that have remained unanswered to date; answers to these outstanding questions could help further reduce the risk of SCD., J. Pokorný, V. Staněk, M. Vrána., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Známý německý historik se ve své poslední monografii věnuje postavení sudetských Němců v meziválečném Československu a jejich roli při rozbití republiky. Recenzent oceňuje mimořádně intenzivní autorovu práci s prameny a základní přednost knihy spatřuje v tom, že nesleduje osudy sudetských Němců jako jediný příběh homogenní vrstvy obyvatelstva, ale jako dějiny mnoha sociálních skupin, jejich vzájemných vztahů a interakcí s vnějším (československým a německým) prostředím. Autor je značně kritický vůči národnostní politice první republiky, která podle něj ztěžovala německé menšině identifikaci s novým státem, a ve vyhrocení vztahu mezi Čechy a Němci vpředvečer mnichovské konference vidí hlavní příčinu poválečných „divokých odsunů“ německých obyvatel. and In his latest monograph, Brandes, an important German historian, focuses on the position of the Sudeten Germans in interwar Czechoslovakia and their role in breaking apart the country. The reviewer praises Brandes’s extraordinarily thorough work with primary sources. He sees the fundamental contribution of the book in its observing the lives of the Sudeten Germans as the history of many social groups and their mutual relations and interactions with the outer milieux (Czechoslovak and German), rather than as one single story of a homogeneous stratum of the population. The author is manifestly critical of the minorities policy of the First Republic, which, in his view, made it difficult for the German minority to identify with the new state. He believes the main cause of the ‘uncontrolled expulsions’ of Czechoslovak Germans after the war stemmed from the tensions that had come to a head in Czech-German relations on the eve of the Munich Agreement.
Our aim was to describe the effect of dosing and genetic factors on sufentanil- and midazolam-induced analgosedation and withdrawal syndrome (WS) in pediatric population. Analgosedation and withdrawal syndrome development were monitored using COMFORT-neo/-B scores and SOS score. Length of therapy, dosing of sufentanil and midazolam were recorded. Genotypes of selected candidate polymorphisms in
CYP3A5, COMT, ABCB1, OPRM1 and PXR were analysed. In the group of 30 neonates and 18 children, longer treatment duration with
midazolam of 141 h (2 – 625) vs. 88 h (7 – 232) and sufentanil of 326.5 h (136– 885) vs. 92 h (22 – 211) (median; range) was found in the patients suffering from WS vs. non-WS group, respectively. Median midazolam comulative does were in the respective values of 18.22 mg/kg (6.93
– 51.25) vs. 9.94 mg/kg (2.12 – 49.83); P=0.03, and the respective values for sufentanil were 88.60 μg/kg (20.21 – 918.52) vs.21.71 μg/kg (4.5 – 162.29); P<0.01. Cut off value of 177 hours for sufentanil treatment duration represented predictive factor for WS development with 81% sensitivity and 94% specificity. SNPs in the candidate genes COMT, PXR and
ABCB1 affected the dosing of analgosedative drugs, but were not associated with depth of analgosedation or WS. Cumulative dose and length of analgosedative therapy with sufentanil significantly increases the risk of WS in critically ill neonates and children.
The ladybird, Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is one of the most important predators of whiteflies in China, however, the suitability of different kinds of prey and nutritional requirements of this predator are poorly studied. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the pre-imaginal development, percentage survival of immatures, adult longevity and fecundity of S. japonicum when reared on two different species of prey, mixed ages of the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype-B (i.e., eggs and nymphs) and green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in order to quantify their relative suitability as prey under laboratory conditions of 25 ± 1°C, 50 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D. The results of this study indicate that the total developmental period (from egg to adult) was shorter when they were fed on B. tabaci (18.29 ± 0.13 days) than on M. persicae (19.85 ± 0.22 days). The percentage survival of the immatures, growth index, development rate, adult fresh weight, fecundity and percentage of eggs hatching were higher and the pre-oviposition period was significantly shorter when S. japonicum were fed on B. tabaci than on M. persicae. In contrast, there was no significant difference in their longevity and oviposition period when fed on B. tabaci and M. persicae. The results indicate that as a diet for S. japonicum M. persicae is inferior to B. tabaci. This is the first record of S. japonicum being able to complete its development feeding exclusively on M. persicae. Since B. tabaci and M. persicae often simultaneously occur in vegetable fields, these results indicate that it is likely that S. japonicum could be utilized to control mixed populations of aphids and whiteflies, and furthers our understanding of ladybird population dynamics in the field in relation to the availability of different species of prey.
The relative suitability of three prey organisms, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) eggs, B. tabaci nymphs, and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), to the ladybird Propylea japonica (Thunberg) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The larvae developed fastest when fed M. persicae, and slowest on B. tabaci eggs. When fed M. persicae, all larvae successfully developed into adult with a growth index (i.e., percent pupation/larval period in days) of 13.16 and development rate of 0.096. The longevity of starving adults was 4.7 ± 0.2 days. In contrast, when fed B. tabaci eggs, all larvae survived to the second instars, 56.7% of which survived to the third instars, 13.3% to the fourth instars; only 6.7% of larvae survived to the pupal stage and the pupae developed into abnormal adults that died shortly. When fed B. tabaci nymphs, all larvae survived and successfully developed into adults with a growth index of 10.71 and development rate of 0.083. The adult body mass was greater when larvae fed M. persicae, compared to adults eclosing from larvae fed B. tabaci nymphs. On the basis of these findings, the order of suitability of three prey organisms for P. japonica is M. persicae > B. tabaci nymph > B. tabaci egg. This is the first record that P. japonica can complete its development when feeding exclusively on whitefly nymphs.