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26372. Temporal and spatial expression of podocyte-associated molecules are accompanied by proteinuria in IgA nephropathy rat model
- Creator:
- Lu, H.-Y., Chen, L.-Z., Jiang, X.-Y., Mo, Y., Ling, Y.-H., and Sun, L.-Z.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, IgA nephropathy, proteinuria, podocyte, nephrin, podocin, desmin, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We used a rat model to assess the role of nephrin, podocin, and desmin in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). A rat IgAN model was established by administration of BSA, CCl4, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and compared with healthy control rats. Urinary protein, urine red blood cells, and biochemical parameters were measured for 12 weeks. Renal morphology and ultrastructure were examined by light and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence was used to assess IgA deposition in the glomeruli and to measure expression of nephrin, podocin, and desmin. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure expression of nephrin, podocin, and desmin mRNAs. IgAN rats developed proteinuria at week-6 and this worsened over time. Pathological changes were evident under light microscopy at week-8 and under electron microscopy at week-4. Immunofluorescence analysis showed deposition of IgA in the kidneys of IgAN rats, but not control rats. IgAN rats had increased expression of glomerular podocin, nephrin, and desmin mRNAs and proteins at week-4. The expression of nephrin, podocin and desmin proteins and the expression of podocin and desmin mRNAs preceded the increase in urinary protein. Taken together, our study of a rat model of IgAN indicates that changes in the expression and distribution of nephrin, podocin, and desmin precede and may cause foot process fusion and proteinuria., H.-Y. Lu, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26373. Temporal changes in soil water erosion on sloping vineyards in the Ruwer-Mosel Valley: The impact of age and plantation works in young and old vines
- Creator:
- Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Brings, Christine, Iserloh, Thomas, Casper, Markus C., Seeger, Manuel, Senciales, José M., Brevik, Eric C., Ruiz-Sinoga, José D., and B. Ries, Johannes
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- soil erosion, old vineyard, young vineyard, rainfall, tillage, and Ruwer-Mosel valley
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- It is well known that rainfall causes soil erosion in sloping German vineyards, but little is known about the effect of age of plantation on soil erosion, which is relevant to understand and design sustainable management systems. In the Ruwer-Mosel valley, young (1- to 4-years) and old (35- to 38-years after the plantation) vineyards were selected to assess soil and water losses by using two-paired Gerlach troughs over three years (2013–2015). In the young vineyard, the overland flow was 107 L m–1 and soil loss 1000 g m–1 in the year of the plantation, and decreased drastically over the two subsequent years (19 L m–1; 428 g m–1). In the old vineyard, soil (from 1081 g m–1 to 1308 g m–1) and water (from 67 L m–1 to 102 L m–1) losses were 1.2 and 1.63 times higher, respectively, than in the young vineyard.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26374. Temporal changes in the abundance of barbel, Barbus barbus in the Jihlava River, Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Peňáz, Milan, Pivnička, Karel, Baruš, Vlastimil, and Prokeš, Miroslav
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- capture-recapture, electrofishing, aurvival, and tagging
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A four-year experiment with a total of 993 individually-tagged barbel, Barbus barbus, resulted in the assessment of survival and abundance. The mean annual survival rate was 0.862, but the partial values assessed separately for seasons (spring – autumn and autumn – spring) differed considerably and the possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. On the basis of known survival rate, the abundance was subsequently estimated (for the entire studied stretch and per hectare) using the Petersen capture-recapture method for the period spring 1999 to autumn 2002, and the mean value reached 303 ± 110 ind.ha-1 (minimum 195, maximum 498 ind.ha-1). The Jolly-Seber method was also used to estimate abundance from autumn 1999 to spring 2001 and gave a mean 425 ± 120 ind.ha-1 and a range 233–563 ind.ha1. These results were in autumn 2001 supported by another simultaneously conducted census following the removal method by Zippin (316 ind.ha-1). The abundance showed a significant tendency to increase during the four-year survey, which is in an accordance with the long-term changes observed in the dynamics of the fish community in this stream.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
26375. Temporal correlation between ecdysteroids and mitotic activity in larval tissues of Clitumnus extradentatus (Phasmoptera: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae)
- Creator:
- Sauve-Guillaume, Madeleine, Porcheron, Patrick, and Lauge, Ginette
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Phasmoptera, moult cycle, mitosis, ecdysteroids, epidermis, fat body, midgut, and mandibles
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A comparative study of mitotic activities and haemolymph ecdysteroid levels was performed in the phasmid Clitumnus extradentatus. Temporal correlation was found between increases in mitotic frequency in mandibular and general epidermis, and variations of ecdysteroid levels in the haemolymph of the insects. Whereas, mitotic waves occurring in the fat body cells or in the basal cells of the midgut did not appear to be strictly correlated with these hormonal variations. During the fourth larval instar of this phasma; an accurate study of mitotic figures, monitored from histological sections, indicated a time-lag in their stimulation according to the studied area, with a peak on day 2 in the mandible tips, on day 5 in the mandible bases and on day 7 in the head capsule, thorax and abdomen epidermis: namely a five-day delay with respect to the 12 days of the fourth instar. Simultaneously, the evolution of ecdysteroid levels in the haemolymph showed three increases of different importance. Each hormonal increase occurred 24 h before the triggering of each increase in the mitotic activity, whereas a fourth and very high peak, occurring on day 8, corresponded to the sudden fall in the number of epidermal mitoses.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26376. Temporal effects of multiple mating on components of fitness in the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Haddrill, Penelope R., Shuker, David M., Mayes, Sean , and Majerus, Michael E.N.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coccinellidae, Adalia, behaviour, cost of mating, ladybird, polyandry, sexual selection, and sexual conflict
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Insects have provided much of the best evidence to date concerning possible costs and benefits of multiple mating, and here we investigate the benefits of polyandry in the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, by attempting to replicate the highly promiscuous mating system in this species. We compared the temporal pattern of reproductive success of females mated multiple times to one male with that of females mated an equal number of times to multiple males, and found transient differences in offspring production and hatch rate over time. Our data suggest that polyandrous females benefit from multiple mating in some circumstances, but the patterns are complex. Following how both the costs and benefits to mating accrue over time will be necessary if we are to fully understand why polyandry evolves.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26377. Temporal partitioning in an assemblage of insect defoliators feeding on oak on a Mediterranean mountain
- Creator:
- Kalapanida, Maria and Petrakis, Panos V.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Quercus, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, oak defoliators, phenology, species coexistence, niche overlap, zoogeographical categories, feeding specialization, Mt Holomontas Chalkidiki Greece, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1_Insects feeding on the foliage of oak were studied on a mountain where species of Mediterranean deciduous and evergreen oak coexist. There were 58 insect species (54 Lepidoptera, 1 Coleopteran and 3 Hymenoptera) belonging to twenty families in the assemblage feeding on eight species of Quercus, two of which are introduced from nearby regions. The overlap in occurrence in time and of feeding niches of the insects feeding on the foliage of the different species of oak was determined using the: (a) Poole-Rathcke method, which tests phenological overlap and (b) Petraitis method, which tests niche overlap. This indicated that insect families partition seasonal time in a random and the entire assemblage in a regular way. All groups of insects partitioned season randomly except for the pairs of monophagous-oligophagous and Palearctic-Eurosiberian species, which partition season regularly. Oak folivorous insects correctly perceive the three subgenera of oaks with the exception of the planted Q. robur pedunculiflora. The folivorous insects recorded on the Mediterranean evergreen oaks (subgenus Sclerophyllodrys) differ from those on the other two subgenera (Quercus and Cerris) and co-occurring deciduous trees. The hypothesis of complete general overlap is rejected for groups based on feeding specialization, zoogeographical categories and taxonomic families. The same was the case when the entire insect assemblage was considered. The percentage of specific niche overlap of the folivorous insects is low and greatest among the monophagous species (13.8%) and those with a Mediterranean distribution (15.4%). Voltinism is not very important for this assemblage and only seven species are bivoltine of which four fed on a different species of oak in the second generation., 2_The overall conclusion is that the co-occurrence in space of these species is possible because they occur regularly at different times during the season whereas that of insect groups based on zoogeographical, taxonomic or feeding specialization are randomly dispersed in time., Maria Kalapanida, Panos V. Petrakis., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26378. Temporal Profile of Ultrastructural Changes in Cortical Neurons after a Compression Lesion
- Creator:
- B., Bjelke, B., and Syková, E.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Stroke, Ischemia, Sensory motor cortrex, Cell death, and Ultrastructure
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the occurrence of apoptosis and secondary delayed cell death at various time points in the penumbra zone, which is the target for therapeutic intervention after stroke. A compression lesion was induced in the right sensory motor cortex of rat brains. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after lesioning, motor functions were evaluated by behavioral tests, and cortical layers IV and V were examined by electron microscopy. Behavioral recovery was observed at 48 h after lesioning. At 0.5-1 h in the lesioned area, the neuropil was expanded and contained affected cells. Apoptotic cells were found between 0.5-72 h, and at 12 h, 47.3 % of the total cell number was apoptotic cells. On the contralateral side, cells showed an enlarged endoplasmic reticulum at 3 h, indicating secondary delayed cell death. Our results show that a compression lesion is a useful model for studying ultrastructural changes in injured cells. The lesion results in the penumbra zone with apoptotic cell death between 0.5-72 h. As secondary delayed cell death occurred on the contralateral side at three hours after lesioning might be the time period during which injured, but still viable, neurons can be targets for acute treatment.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26379. Temporal relationship between lens protein oxidation and cataract development in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- Creator:
- Kyselová, Z., Garcia, S.J., Gajdošíková, A., Gajdošík, A., and Štefek, M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cataract, STZ-diabetes, protein oxidation, Protein sulfhydryls, and Protein carbonyls
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We compared the progression of lens opacification with the time course of oxidation of lens proteins under conditions of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. By the end of the 17th week, approx. 50 % of the diabetic animals developed mature cataracts. During the following month, 95 % of the eyes in the diabetic group became cataractous. In the course of lens opacification we observed a time-dependent increase in the content of protein carbonyls and decrease in the concentration of protein sulfhydryls in the lenses of diabetic animals. Significantly higher protein carbonyl (p<0.01) and lower protein sulfhydryl (p<0.001) content was found in lenses with the advanced stage of cataract when compared with the diabetic lenses still transparent. We showed that the values of protein carbonyls exceeding 1.2 nmol/mg protein and of sulfhydryls falling below 60 nmol/mg protein corresponded to an approximately 50 % incidence of mature cataract development. At the end of the 34th week, when all lenses of diabetic rats became cataractous, the corresponding values of protein carbonyls and sulfhydryls were 2.5 nmol/mg protein and 27 nmol/mg protein, respectively. The main finding of this study is the disclosure of quantitative relationship between the degree of protein oxidation and the rate of advanced cataract development in the widely used model of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26380. Temporal stability of morph frequency in central European populations of Adalia bipunctata and A. decempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Honěk, Alois, Martinková, Zdeňka, and Pekár , Stano
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coccinellidae, Adalia bipunctata, Adalia decempunctata, polymorphism, variability, temporal trends, melanism, adaptation, thermoregulation, evolution, and climate change
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In central Europe Adalia bipunctata (L.) occurs in two main colour morphs (typical, melanic), and A. decempunctata (L.) occurs in 3 morphs (spotted, chequered, dark). Temporal variation in the relative frequency of morphs was recorded in populations of the Czech Republic where geographic variation in morph frequency is low. Seasonal trends were investigated in samples collected by a light-trap run daily from March to November for 14 years. In A. bipunctata the melanic form was more abundant in autumn than in spring but the difference was not significant. In A. decempunctata morph proportions did not change seasonally. Samples were also collected by sweepnet from stands of many plant species. In both Adalia species the morph proportions did not differ significantly among collections made on different plants. Long-term changes in morph proportions were analysed by pooling annual samples over all host plants. In A. bipunctata, sampled in 15 years between 1971-2004, there was no significant change in proportion of typical (90.1%) and melanic (9.9%) forms. In A. decempunctata, sampled in 12 years between 1976-2004, the proportions of "spotted" (mean over the years 29.4%), "chequered" (42.2%) and "dark" (21.3%) morphs varied between years. There was a trend toward an increasing proportion of the spotted form in the 2000s compared to the 1970s and 1980s.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public