Academic detailing, also known as prescriber support and education, is the service of sending trained clinicians to physicians’ offices in order to present the best available, objective scientific evidence in a given therapeutic area. We describe and review experience with academic detailing programs. We conclude that the academic detailing program could be tried in the Czech Republic, Ludwig O. Dittrich, and Literatura
The paper focuses on the so-called visual study of religions, i.e. scientific study of visual representation in various religions, namely study of photographs or video recordings depicting religious topics. The “memory” includes also pictures from which we can detect more information than apparent at first sight if we use highquality methodology and have sufficient knowledge. This general theory is substantiated in the paper, using several historical photographs from Atsagat Monastery, a Buddhist monastery in Buryatia, some of which have not been published yet. Several books and articles on Tibetan Buddhism in Buryatia include reproductions of a remarkable photograph which has been incorrectly identified along with wrong determination of the date of origin. The paper strives to put this information right.
Aphidius ervi Haliday is a parasitoid of natural populations of both Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on alfalfa and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) on wheat in Chile. In this study the performance of the aphid parasitoid on both host species was evaluated. Regardless of origin, both females and males of A. ervi were significantly smaller when reared on S. avenae than on A. pisum. Males and females of A. ervi reared on S. avenae on wheat also took significantly longer to develop than when reared on A. pisum. There was no significant difference in the sex ratio of the parasitoid when reared on these two host aphids. Survival of parasitoids from the A. pisum - alfalfa system was significantly lower when reared on S. avenae relative to those reared on A. pisum, but no significant difference in survival on both hosts was detected in parasitoids from the S. avenae - wheat system. Behaviour of parasitoid females during oviposition, such as frequency of encounters, number of attacks and stabbings of host aphids, were significantly higher in the A. pisum - A. ervi interaction than in the S. avenae - A. ervi interaction, regardless of the origin of the parasitoid. Aphid defensive reactions such as kicking or production of cornicle secretion, were significantly higher in the A. pisum - A. ervi than the S. avenae - A. ervi interaction. The results are discussed in relation to the effect of host quality and host aphid body size on parasitoid development.
The myrmecophilous isopod Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and the myrmecophilous springtail Cyphoderus albinus Nicolet, 1842 are commonly found in nests of a wide range of ant species in Belgium. Here we report the first record of both myrmecophiles in nests of the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus in the Citadelpark of Ghent, Belgium. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii was found in two of the Lasius neglectus nests studied. In one of the two C. albinus was also discovered. In the localities where the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus was introduced, as is also the case in the Citadelpark in Ghent, it out-competes all native ant species. This ant has a dramatic effect on the local native ant fauna. However, some of the myrmecophilous species associated with the native ant-fauna are less threatened as they are accepted by this invasive garden ant.
Lead administered to laboratory rats in drinking water (0.1-0.8 %) as lead acetate solution tends to accumulate in collagen-rich tissues such as tendons and the skin. The amount of lead deposited (and also zinc present in the tissue without its supplementation) correlates with the blood supply to the tissue investigated. The highest deposits of lead were observed in placenta and chorionic membranes, though here only about 60% are collagen-bound. No differences in the drinking habits of the animals were observed and also at lower concentrations of lead in the drinking water no dose dependence was revealed. However, at 0.8 % of lead in drinking water considerable accumulation of lead was observed in all tissues investigated.