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211. Entomologie na Masarykově univerzitě: téměř stoletá cesta z chudobince do kampusu 3. tisíciletí

Creator:
Jaromír Vaňhara
Type:
article, biography, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, Masarykova univerzita., Ústav botaniky a zoologie, entomologie, vědecká práce, entomology, scientific work, Brno (Česko), Brno (Czechia), 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Jaromír Vaňhara.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

212. ERA in Action

Creator:
Slavíková, Kateřina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Česká styčná kancelář pro výzkum a vývoj v Bruselu (projekt), výzkum a vývoj, vědecké programy, granty, research and development, scientific programs, grants-in-aid, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Kateřina Slavíková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

213. Ernst Schäfer a Tibet - výzkumné dobrodružství svázané s nacismem

Creator:
Jan Robovský and Hrubý, Jiří
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, Schäfer, Ernst, 1910-1992, přírodovědci, savci, ptáci, nacismus, naturalists, mammals, birds, Nazism, Tibet (Čína), 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ernst Schäfer (1910-1992) byl německý zoolog, sběratel přírodnin a cestovatel známý zejména díky třem průkopnickým výpravám do Tibetu, území, kam se přírodovědci prakticky nedostali až do druhé poloviny 20. století. Třetí expedice z let 1938-39 je poněkud kontroverzní, neboť se stala součástí nacistické propagandy a její cíle nebyly čistě jen vědecké., Ernst Schäfer (1910–92) was a German zoologist, collector and explorer who is primarily known for his three pioneering expeditions to Tibet, which was virtually closed to science well into the second half of the 20th century. The third expedition, in 1938–39, was rather controversial as it became a part of Nazi propaganda and its goals were not purely scientific., and Jan Robovský, Jiří Hrubý.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

214. Etický význam lidství: obrana druhismu v díle B. A. O. Williamse a C. Diamondové

Creator:
Pacovská, Kamila
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Etika. Morální filozofie, Singer, Peter A, 1960-, Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen, 1929-2003, Diamond, Cora, etika, humanita, ethics, humanity, wittgensteiniánská etika, druhismus, vztah ke zvířatům, Wittgensteinian ethics, speciesism, relation to animals, 5, and 17
Language:
Czech
Description:
The well-known book by Peter Singer The Liberation of Animals has not only inspired a series of texts defending the rights and interests of animals, but has also provoked a discussion about what humanity is, what meaning can our belonging to the human kind have for us, and whether Singer’ critique of the “human prejudice” is justified. The paper considers two important defenders of “human prejudice”, B. A. O. Williams and C. Diamond, who both claim the concept of human being to be a basic ethical concept. In the first part, we will present Williams’s argument that solidarity and identity with one’s species doesn’t have the structure of a blameworthy privilege similar to sexism and racism. In the second part, we will proceed to Diamond’s conception of human being that is founded in relations and responses towards the other. Just as our treatment of a human being depends on whether we see this person as our fellow, so our treatment of an animal depends on how we see it. In the last part, we will consider Diamond’s illustration of how it is possible to change our perception of an animal and thus to change our treatment of it., Kamila Pacovská., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

215. Etika lidského vylepšování a liberální eugenika

Creator:
Tomáš Hříbek
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Etika. Morální filozofie, bioetika, eugenika, transhumanismus, bioethics, eugenics, transhumanism, bioconservatism, bioradicalism, liberal eugenics, improvement, 5, and 17
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper deals with the ethics of biotechnological enhancement of human qualities such as intelligence, health and lifespan. In contemporary bioethics three views have emerged concerning the moral permissibility of such a biotechnological enhancement of humans. While bioconservatives reject it as morally impermissible and dangerous, bioradicals welcome it as permissible and desirable. Between these two extremes we find bioliberals who admit some types of enhancement, under certain conditions. These debates are still overshadowed by fear of bioethics, but this discredited term needs to be rehabilitated because it turns out that there are both desirable and undesirable forms of eugenics., Tomáš Hříbek., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

216. EU poprvé předsedá nová členská země

Creator:
Perglová, Táňa
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Evropská unie, vědecká práce, synergie, předsednictví v Radě Evropské unie, scientific work, synergy, European Union Council presidency, Slovinsko, Slovenia, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Táňa Perglová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

217. Eutanazie a klasický hedonismus

Creator:
Černý , David
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Právo, zdravotnické právo, bioetika, asistovaná sebevražda, sebevraždy, hedonismus, eutanazie, konsekvencialismus, utilitarismus, medical law, bioethics, assisted suicide, suicides, hedonism, euthanasia, consequentialism, utilitarianism, dobrý život, good life, 16, and 34
Language:
Czech
Description:
Hlavním cílem článku Hedonismus a eutanazie je ilustrovat komplexní vztahy mezi hédonismem jako teorií welfare a problémem racionality sebeusmrcení, asistovaného sebeusmrcení a eutanazie. Článek je rozdělený na tři části. První část přináší stručný popis hédonismu a vrcholí definicí standardního hédonismu. Druhá část se věnuje problému, zda smrt může v některých (výjimečných) situacích představovat racionálně ospravedlnitelnou volbu. Třetí a konečná část spojuje konsekvencialismus s tradičním hédonismem do standardního utilitarismu a předkládá přímý argument ve prospěch závěru, že asistovaná smrt může být eticky přijatelnou (dokonce povinnou) volbou. Ukazuje však, že hédonismus není adekvátní teorií dobrého života, a proto nakonec etický argument ve prospěch asistované smrti odmítá., The overall aim of the article “Hedonism and Euthanasia” is to illustrate the complex interplay between hedonism as a theory of welfare and the problem of the rationality of suicide, assisted suicide and euthanasia. The article is divided into three parts. In the first part, it provides a succinct description of hedonism culminating in the definition of standard hedonism. The second part deals with the problem of whether death can in some (exceptional) circumstances represent a rationally justifiable choice. The third and final part combines consequentialism with standard hedonism, obtaining standard utilitarianism, and sets forth a straightforward argument for the conclusion that assisted death might be an ethically acceptable (even obligatory) choice. However, hedonism is shown to be an inadequate theory of good life and, consequently, the ethical argument for assisted death is rejected., and David Černý.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

219. Evoluce tolerance

Creator:
Natália Martínková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, biologie, plísně, netopýři, biology, molds (Fungi), bats, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Czech White-Nose Syndrome Team together with international collaborators discovered mechanisms of tolerance that protect Palearctic bats from white-nose syndrome (WNS), the disease that caused mass die-off in North America. The discovery raises hope for a better future of bats in North American ecosystems. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is caused by a generalist pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans with the worst possible characteristics of an infectious fungal agent. The generalist nature of the WNS fungus means that it can infect any bat hibernating in a contaminated cave or mine and, moreover, it may remain viable and virulent, waiting for its hosts until the next hibernation period. Harmless to humans, the WNS fungus kills hibernating North American bats in winter. However, loss of voracious insectivorous bats from agricultural ecosystems may result in economic costs required for increased pest control. Without mass die-offs of bats harbouring the WNS agent in Europe, the response to disease is an enigma. To study the survival crossroads, the Czech WNS Team focused on the relationship between pathogen quantity and disease under natural conditions. High disease prevalence together with high fungal loads in absence of bat population declines in Eurasia indicates disease tolerance mechanisms, where hosts limit harm inflicted by the pathogen but do not hinder its growth. The tolerance mechanisms revealed by the Czech WNS Team is a function of bat adaptation to the presence of the pathogen. and Natália Martínková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

220. Evoluční potenciál epigenetické variability

Creator:
Latzel, Vít
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce, Mendel, Johann Gregor, 1822-1884, genetika, botanika, genetics, botany, 2, and 575
Language:
Czech
Description:
Epigenetická regulace aktivity genů může významnou měrou ovlivňovat fenotypovou variabilitu organismů. Vzhledem k tomu, že některá indukovaná epigenetická variabilita může být děděna po mnoho generací, je možné, že epigenetická variabilita ovlivňuje jak ekologii, tak i evoluční trajektorie organismů. V článku popisuji některé poslední poznatky úlohy epigenetické variability v ekologii a evoluci rostlin., Phenotypic variation can be driven by epigenetic regulation of genes' activity. It is possible that induced epigenetic variation can alter the ecology and evolutionary trajectories of organisms because some induced epigenetic variation can be faithfully heritable among several generations. In the article, I discuss some recent information about the role of epigenetic variation in the ecology and evolution of plants., and Vít Latzel.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public