The electrophoretic migration rates of several proteins of photosystem 2 particles ffom spinách were much higher iii gels containing 1 mM Ca^^ than in gels containing 1 mM ethyleneglycol-í)w(P-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Incubation of gels with terbium (Tb^^) and the corresponding Tb3‘'^-fluorescence were ušed to identity the Ca^^-binding proteins on the basis of selective occupation of Ca2+-binding sites with Tb^+. The 47, 43 and particularly 33 kDa polypeptides were most probably involved in Ca2+-binding.
There were two or more types of headship succession and inheritance practices in traditional, early modem, Japan, and also within any given village as exhibited in the village studied here. The population of a village, Yukinobu, was a heterogeneous one. In particular, there were clear differences between the dozoku and other families. Even within the dozoku families, the family strategies and inheritance practices varied. Population growth also played a decisive role in determining succession and inheritance practices. Because of this growth, the number of households could increase, and thus the opportunity to thrive would increase for individuals of both sexes insofar as local resources could sustain the population. Females would surely have more favourable survival chances than males if the number of households, and thus the number of opportunities to become housewives were balanced with the number of women in the population. Almost all of the family strategies concerning inheritance practices were shaped by demographic conditions and consequences, and also by economic and natural environmental conditions and changes to those conditions. Together, these sets of conditions promoted a distinctive inheritance system in each village. However, the rules of inheritance patterns were not entirely unique to the village, as they were characterised by the inheritance rules of each family. The existing inheritance rules were not the custom of the village, but were conventions sustained over generations in some families and that survived over time in the village. The inheritance patterns of the village were determined by the characteristics of the family strategies of these surviving families. Therefore, primogeniture as well as equal inheritance practices could exist within a single village.
Renowned international experts in higher education financing have argued that, owing to large government deficits, tertiary education will not be able to open up and meet growing demand unless cost-sharing principles and efficient student financial aid programmes are introduced. Opponents of cost-sharing in higher education object that introducing tuition fees will raise inequality in access to higher education. Drawing on OECD data, and focusing on college expectations, the authors argue that the effects of ability, gender, and socio-economic background on college expectations are primarily shaped by the characteristics of secondary education systems, such as the degree of stratification and vocational specificity of secondary schools, while the principal characteristics of the tertiary education system, such as enrolment rates and the model of financing, play a much less important role. The results clearly show that, after controlling for the effects of secondary school system characteristics, cost-sharing, as such or by degree, does not affect the formation of college expectations by ability, gender, and socio-economic background as much as the selectivity of the secondary school system does.
Plants of pepper (Capsicum amuum L.) were grown in controlled environment chambers at ambient (360 pmol mol"*) and fluctuating pulse-enriched CO2 concentrations (700 pmol mol"* daily average, ranging from 500 to 3500 pmol mol"* = ECO2) under two water regimes. A decrease in plant growth and yield together with frequent visual injuries was found in plants growing under ECO2. Root/shoot ratio was greater, chlorophyll concentration and respiration rates were lower, and stomatal conductance and relative importance of alternativě pathway respiration were higher under ECO2. The negative effects of ECO2 were more intense under high water availability. The symptoms produced by ECO2 were similar to those of resource limitation, and were alleviated with increased nutrient supply. Constant elevated CO2 concentrations (700 pmol mol"*) increased pepper production and did not produce any of the injuries described for this erratic ECO2 treatment. Thus, it is probably the erratic nátuře of the CO2 concentration and not the gas itself that was causing the injiuy.
Frequent deaths of children deeply influenced the general death rate in the past. The curve of natimortality nearly created the curve of general mortality, because very many new-boms died during the first year of life. This was affected by the standard of breastfeeding in a given society, so the rate of natimortality, as well as the general infant mortality was markedly different locally. The infant mortality in two adjoining towns of Frýdek and Místek kept above 500%o until the mid-19th century and it droped below this limit as late as the second half of the 19th century, though slightly (439%o in Frýdek, 457%o in Mistek). The difference between the situation in both towns manifested itself in the categories of foetal mortality and perinatal mortality. In Frýdek, the perinatal mortality was lower, but the foetal mortality was higher than in Mistek. That is why these categories were examined in this article in greater detail with regard to the complicated classification of the „time of death“ of newly-born children, as well as the leakage of foetal mortality data, and with regard to the problems of spontaneous abortions or infanticide. Causes of deaths were taken into account too, nevertheless only within the classification of diseases used at that time, it means especially the rate of various accidents, incl. abortions, the extent of influence that infectious diseases and avitaminosis exerted on the death rate.