Empagliflozin je nový lék používaný ke snížení hyperglykemie u pacientů s diabetem 2. typu. Patří do nejnovější třídy antidiabetik, tzv. gliflozinů, které zabraňují zpětnému vstřebávání glukózy prostřednictvím inhibice sodíko-glukózového transportéru SGLT2. Způsobují tak terapeutickou glykosurii, díky níž dojde ke ztrátě přibližně 70 g glukózy denně. Tím dochází nejen k poklesu glykemie, ale i k poklesu tělesné hmotnosti, protože tato vyloučená glukóza nemůže být použita jako energetický substrát. Ve studiích fáze 3 byla prokázána terapeutická účinnost empagliflozinu v monoterapii, kombinaci s ostatními perorálními antidiabetiky i inzulinem. Dalším příznivým účinkem empagliflozinu je mírný pokles krevního tlaku. Empagliflozin byl v Evropské unii schválen k léčbě pacientů s diabetem 2. typu v květnu 2014, v ČR je dostupný od října 2014 a od 1. února 2015 je empagliflozin (pod obchodním názvem Jardiance?) částečně hrazen ze zdravotního pojištění pro léčbu pacientů s diabetem 2. typu buď v kombinaci s metforminem, nebo v kombinaci s inzulinem (s nebo bez metforminu)., Empagliflozin is a new medicine used to reduce hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the most advanced class of antidiabetic drugs, known as gliflozins, which prevent reabsorption of glucose through inhibiting SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter. Thereby they cause therapeutic glycosuria, thanks to which a loss of approximately 70 g of glucose per day occurs. This not only effects the decrease in glycemia, but also the loss of body mass, since this excreted glucose cannot be used as an energetic substrate. The studies within phase 3 have proven the therapeutic efficacy of empagliflozin in monotherapy, in combination with the other oral antidiabec drugs and insulin. Another favourable effect of empagliflozin is a slight decrease in blood pressure. In May 2014, empagliflozin was approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes within the European Union 2014, since October 2014 it has been available in the Czech Republic and since 1 February 2015 empagliflozin (under the trade name Jardiance?) has been partially covered by the health insurance for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes either in combination with metformin or in combination with insulin (with or without metformin)., and Martin Prázný, Jiří Slíva
Přeloženo z češtiny?, "Nuremberg: 20 October 2016 - 5 March 2017, Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg"--Rub titulní stránky, "First Czech-Bavarian land exhibition"--Rub titulní stránky, "Authors of texts: Jiří Fajt (ed.) in cooperation with Helena Dáňová"--Tiráž, and Obálkový název: K 700 - Emperor Charles IV 1316-2016
INTRODUCTION: The splenium of the corpus callosum has a specific structure of blood supply with a tendency towards blood-brain barrier breakdown, intramyelinic edema, and damage due to hypoxia or toxins. Signs and symptoms of reversible syndrome of the splenium of the corpus callosum typically include disorientation, confusion, impaired consciousness, and epileptic seizures. CASE REPORT: A previously healthy 32-year-old man suffered from weakness, headache, and fever. Subsequently, he developed apathy, ataxia, and inability to walk, and therefore was admitted to the hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid showed protein elevation (0.9 g/l) and pleocytosis (232/1 ul). A brain MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the middle of the corpus callosum. The patient was treated with antibiotics, and subsequently, in combination with steroids. Two months later, the hyperintense lesions in the splenium and the basal ganglia had disappeared. Almost seven months since his hospitalization in the Department of Neurology, the patient has returned to his previous employment. He now does not exhibit any mental changes, an optic edema and urological problems have improved. In addition, he is now actively engaged in sports. CONCLUSION: We have described a case of a 32-year-old man with confusion, ataxia, and inability to stand and walk. The man developed a febrile meningeal syndrome and a hyperintense lesion of the splenium, which lasted for two months. Neurological changes, optic nerve edema, and urinary retention have resolved over the course of seven months. We think that the prolonged but transient lesion of the splenium may have been caused by encephalitis of viral origin. and A. Meleková, L. Andrlová, P. Král, L. Ungermann, E. Ehler