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1442. Nejednoznačnost výrazu přirozeného jazyka při stejném významu jeho složek

Creator:
Materna, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
construction, de dicto, de re, function, meaning, Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL), konstrukce, funkce, význam, and Transparentní Intenzionální Logika (TIL)
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Logical analysis of natural language (LANL) based on TIL defines meaning (Frege’s sense) in a procedural way, resulting in the following thesis: The meaning of an expression is independent of context. The meaning (in the case of non-indexical expressions concept) is thus an abstract procedure, which is explicated in TIL as (well-defined) construction. What does depend on context is the way in which the meaning has to be handled. From this viewpoint we can distinguish three kinds of context: (i) hyperintensional context; (ii) intensional context; (iii) extensional context., Logická analýza přirozeného jazyka (LANL) na základě TIL definuje význam (Fregeho smysl ) v procesním způsobem, což má za následek následující práce: Význam výrazu je nezávislá na kontextu . Význam (v případě konceptu neindexových výrazů ) je tedy abstraktním postupem, který je vysvětlen v TIL jako (dobře definovaná) konstrukce . To, co závisí na kontextu, je způsob, jakým je třeba tento význam řešit . Z tohoto pohledu můžeme rozlišit tři druhy kontextů: (i) hyperintenzionální kontext; ii) intenzivní souvislosti; iii) kontext prodloužení., and Pavel Materna
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1443. Některé aspekty pojmu Já ve filosofii mysli a v kognitivní vědě: primitivní Já a konceptuální Já

Creator:
Polák, Michal
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
primitive self, conceptual self, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The origin, development and strengthening of our identity - that is our Self - is an important part of human life. Stability and variability of such Self are both aspects necessary to preserve the integrity and status of a person as psychological and social being. The mastering of our own Self is related to some interesting phenomena, discussed by current philosophy of mind and cognitive science. These research strategies deal with issues such as naturalization of Self (Dennett, Strawson), building up a theory of mind (Baron-Cohen) and the disconnective syndrome and its interpretation (Gazzaniga) among many others. This article reflects our current understanding of the Self, and takes into account some philosophical approaches, as well as some knowledge of modern cognitive science to show how the Self as a natural phenomenon can be understood. In its conclusion two conceptual levels of the Self are introduced: primitive Self and conceptual Self. These terms are intended to be the basis for the study of the Self as a natural phenomenon. and Michal Polák
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1444. Nemožný mravenec a konfúzní fikce

Creator:
Koťátko, Petr
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
contradiction, definite description, fictional character, fictional world, possibility, and pretense
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The paper reacts on Pavel Cmorej’s analysis of sentences of the form (ιx)Φ(x) is C, focusing on the case where ''C'' stands for ''impossible''. The author agrees with Cmorej’s conclusion that in such a context the modal term applies on the meaning of the description, classifying it as unable to provide a procedure which would lead to identifying an individual (as a unique bearer of the property (λx)Φ(x) in some world and time). He questions Cmorej’s example of impossibility based on contradiction from the sphere of literary fiction, examines various ways in which the constitution of a literary character may impose (or seem to impose) incompatible demands on the reader, requiring her to ''think impossible'', and suggests a way of avoiding some confusions widespread in this field. and Petr Koťátko
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1445. New automatic minidisk infiltrometer: design and testing

Creator:
Klípa, Vladimír, Sněhota, Michal, and Dohnal, Michal
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
tension infiltrometer, hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity, automated measurement, infiltration experiment, and Zhang’s method
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Soil hydraulic conductivity is a key parameter to predict water flow through the soil profile. We have developed an automatic minidisk infiltrometer (AMI) to enable easy measurement of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using the tension infiltrometer method in the field. AMI senses the cumulative infiltration by recording change in buoyancy force acting on a vertical solid bar fixed in the reservoir tube of the infiltrometer. Performance of the instrument was tested in the laboratory and in two contrasting catchments at three sites with different land use. Hydraulic conductivities determined using AMI were compared with earlier manually taken readings. The results of laboratory testing demonstrated high accuracy and robustness of the AMI measurement. Field testing of AMI proved the suitability of the instrument for use in the determination of sorptivity and near saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1446. New features of version 3 of the HYDRUS (2D/3D) computer software package

Creator:
Šimůnek, Jiří, Šejna, Miroslav, and van Genuchten, Martinus Th.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
HYDRUS, reservoir boundary condition, pumping well, root growth, and graphical user interface
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The capabilities of the HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS (2D/3D) software packages continuously expanded during the last two decades. Various new capabilities were added recently to both software packages, mostly by developing new standard add-on modules such as HPx, C-Ride, UnsatChem, Wetland, Fumigant, DualPerm, and Slope Stability. The new modules may be used to simulate flow and transport processes in one- and two-dimensional transport domains and are fully supported by the HYDRUS graphical user interface (GUI). Several nonstandard add-on modules, such as Overland, Isotope, and Centrifuge, have also been developed, but are not fully supported by the HYDRUS GUI. The objective of this manuscript is to describe several additional features of the upcoming Version 3 of HYDRUS (2D/3D), which was unveiled at a recent (March 2017) HYDRUS conference and workshop in Prague. The new features include a flexible reservoir boundary condition, expanded root growth features, and new graphical capabilities of the GUI. Mathematical descriptions of the new features are provided, as well as two examples illustrating applications of the reservoir boundary condition.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1450. Nitrate wash off from the Bratislava Forest Park basin Vydrica in years 1986 - 2005

Creator:
Sebíň, Michal, Pekárová, Pavla, and Miklánek, Pavol
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Vydrica, experimental catchment, nitrate wash of, modelové povodia, and odnos dusičnanov
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In the model catchment Vydrica brook in Small Carpathians (mostly beech forest), concentrations of the selected chemical substances were monitored for evaluation of the land use impact upon the brook water quality. Concentrations of these substances were monitored within the years 1991-1993. In order to evaluate also a development of the long-term trend of the observed data, we are continuing in their monitoring since 2004. In this paper there are evaluated nitrate concentrations from two localities: in the upper Vydrica part (Spariská), and on the Bratislava city area limit (Červený Most), in the Vydrica lower part. The mean nitrate concentration in 1991-1993 at Spariská was 14.54 mg l-1, at Červený Most locality 10.84 mg l-1, in the years 2004-2005 the mean concentration at Spariská it was 11.85 mg l-1, and 9.36 mg l-1 at Červený Most. From the observed data it follows that in the 2004-2005 years the nitrate concentration dropped in comparison with the 1991-1993 period. As there was a significant relationship documented between the nitrate concentration and discharge, the empirical relationships were developed for estimating of daily nitrate concentration values based on the mean daily discharges, for the 1987-2005 period. From these, then the mean monthly and yearly nitrate wash offs were calculated from the unit area. So for the Spariská subcatchment the mean yearly nitrate wash off range was 15.42 to 102.37 kg ha year-1, for the profile Červený Most it was 9.01 to 70.53 kg ha year-1. and V modelovom povodí potoka Vydrica v Malých Karpatoch (prevažne bukový les) boli sledované koncentrácie vybraných chemických látok v povrchovom toku za účelom hodnotenia vplyvu využitia krajiny na kvalitu vody v toku. Koncentrácie týchto látok sme sledovali v rokoch 1991-1993. Aby sme zhodnotili dlhodobý trend vývoja nameraných údajov, od roku 2004 v monitoringu pokračujeme. V tomto príspevku sú zhodnotené koncentrácie dusičnanov na dvoch lokalitách: v hornej časti Vydrice (Spariská) a na hranici s hlavným mestom Bratislava (Červený Most) v dolnej časti povodia. Priemerná koncentrácia dusičnanov v rokoch 1991-1993 bola na lokalite Spariská 14,54 mg l-1, na lokalite Červený Most 10,84 mg l -1, v rokoch 2004-2005 bola priemerná koncentrácia na lokalite Spariská 11,85 mg l-1 a na Červenom Moste 9,36 mg l-1. Z nameraných hodnôt vyplýva, že v porovnaní s obdobím rokov 1991-1993 v rokoch 2004-2005 došlo k poklesu koncentrácií dusičnanov. Keďže sa preukázala významná závislosť medzi koncentráciami dusičnanov a prietokmi, odvodili sme empirické vzťahy na nepriamy odhad denných hodnôt koncentrácií dusičnanov na základe meraných priemerných denných prietokov za obdobie rokov 1987-2005. Z vypočítaných denných koncentrácií dusičnanov boli vypočítané priemerné mesačné a ročné odnosy dusičnanov z jednotky plochy. V podpovodí Spariská sa ročné odnosy dusičnanov pohybovali od 15,42 kg ha-1 rok-1 do 102,37 kg ha-1 rok-1, v profile Červený Most od 9,01 kg ha-1 rok-1 do 70,53 kg ha-1 rok-1.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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